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Endocrine Flashcards

(120 cards)

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1
Q

Laron dwarfism

A

Mutation in GH receptor
Increased levels of GH, low IGF-I and IGFBP-3
Treat with IGF-1

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2
Q

Prader-Willi syndrome

A

Deletion in paternal copy of chromosome 15

GH replacement decreases body fat

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3
Q

Octreotide

A

Somatostatin analogue

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4
Q

Lanreotide

A

Somatostatin analogue

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5
Q

Cabergoline

A

Dopamine D2 receptor agonist
More selective for D2
Take weekly

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6
Q

Dromocriptine

A

Dopamine D2 receptor agonist
Used for small protactinomas
Take daily

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7
Q

Leo thyroxine

A

T4 analogue

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8
Q

Triiodothyronine

A

T3 analogue

Much lower half life than T4

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9
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

Thioamide (inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis)
Half life is 1.5 hours
Block iodination of tyrosyl groups

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10
Q

Methimazole

A

Thioamide (inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis)
Half life is 6 hours
Block iodination of tyrosyl groups

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11
Q

Cosyntropin

A

ACTH analogue

Used for ACTH stimulation test

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12
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Short acting steroid

100% bioavailability

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13
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Long acting steroid

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14
Q

Prednisone

A

Long acting steroid

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15
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Steroid which is mainly a mineralocorticoid
Used in primary adrenal insufficiency
Watch for hypokalemia

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16
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Nonselective inhibitor of adrenal and gonadal steroids
Used in Cushings disease
Blocks cyp 17-20 and 3B hydroxysteroid

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17
Q

Mitotane

A

Nonselective cytotoxic adrenal cortex agent

Used in adrenal carcinoma

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18
Q

Mifepristone

A

Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist
Treats diabetes related to Cushings disease
Watch for hypokalemia and QT prolongation

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19
Q

Gonadorelin

A

Synthetic GnHR

Half life 4 min

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20
Q

Leuprolide

A

GnRH analog
More potent and longer acting
Half life 3 hrs intranasal

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21
Q

Goserelin

A

GnRH analog
More potent and longer acting
Half life 3 hrs intranasal

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22
Q

Nafarelin

A

GnRH analog
More potent and longer acting
Half life 3 hrs intranasal

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23
Q

Ganirelix

A

GnRH antagonist

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24
Q

Urofillotropin

A

FSH from urine of postmenopausal women

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25
Fillotrpon alpha
Recombinant FSH
26
Lutropin alpha
Recombinant LH
27
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Chorionic gonadotropin Produced by the placenta More LH activity than FSH
28
Choriogonadotrpin
Chorionic gonadotropin Recombinant More LH activity than FSH
29
Human menopausal gonadotropin
Menotropin | FSH and LH activity
30
Estradiol
Natural estrogen major product of the ovary E2
31
Estrone
Natural estrogen | E1
32
Estriol
Natural estrogen | E3
33
Estropipate
Natural estrogen | Purified crystalline estrone
34
Estrogen esters
Natural estrogen | Metabolically resistant pro hormones
35
Conjugated estrogens
Natural estrogen Equine estrogen sulfate sodium salts High potency
36
ethinyl estradiol
Synthetic estrogen Extensive hepatic metabolism More active than natural estrogens
37
Diethylstibestrol (DES)
Synthetic estrogen Non-steroidal Carcinoma in female offspring
38
Esterfied estrogens
Synthetic estrogen From soybeans and yams Metabolic conversion from estrone to estradiol
39
Bisphenol A
Leaches from plastics
40
Genistein
Isofavone phytoestrogen
41
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Progestin agent | Androgenic and antiestrogenic
42
Norethindrone
Progestin agent, 1st generation | Androgenic, antiestrogenic, and anabolic
43
Levonorgestrel
Progestin agent, 2nd generation | Androgenic, antiestrogenic, and anabolic
44
Desogestrol
Progestin agent, 3rd gen | No other effects
45
Drospirenone
Progestin agent, 4th generation | Estrogenic, slight antiandrogenic, antimineralocorticoid
46
Tamoxifen
Selective estrogen receptor modulator Partial agonist-antagonist Used in breast cancer
47
Toremifene
Selective estrogen receptor modulator Partial agonist-antagonist Used in breast cancer
48
Raloxifene
Selective estrogen receptor modulator Partial agonist-antagonist Used in osteoporosis
49
Bazedoxifene
Selective estrogen receptor modulator Partial agonist-antagonist Used for menopausal symptoms
50
Clomiphene
Selective estrogen receptor modulator Partial agonist-antagonist Used for ovulation induction
51
Fulvestrant
Estrogen antagonist | Used in tamoxifen resistant breast cancer
52
Mefipristone
Progesterone antagonist | Postcoital contraceptive, abortifacient, glucocorticoid antagonist
53
Anstrazole
Nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor
54
Letrozole
Nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor
55
Exemestane
Steroid aromatase inhibitor | Irreversible
56
Danazol
Derivative of 17a-ethinyl-testosterone Weak progestin, androgen, and glucocorticoid activity Used to suppress ovarian function
57
Methyltestorsterone
Androgenic agent 1:1 androgenic:anabolic activity Oral
58
Fluoxymetstrone
Androgenic agent 1:2 androgenic:anabolic activity Oral
59
Oxandrolone
Androgenic agent 1:3 androgenic:anabolic activity Oral
60
Testosterone esters
Androgenic agent 1:1 androgenic:anabolic activity IM (oily depot)
61
Abiraterone
17a-hydroxylase inhibitor
62
Finastreride
5a-hydroxylase inhibitor
63
Dutasteride
5a-hydroxylase inhibitor | Longer half life
64
Cyproterone
Androgen receptor inhibitor | Used for hirsutism and excessive male sexual desire
65
Flutamide
Androgen receptor inhibitor | Competitive antagonist
66
Calcium carbonate
Oral Cheap GI upset
67
Calcium citrate
Oral | Fewer GI problems
68
Calcium gluconate
IV For severe symptomatic hypocalcemia Rapid infusion can cause arrhythmias
69
Cholecalciferol
Vitamin D3
70
Erocalciferol
Vitamin D2
71
Cacitriol
Active vitamin D3
72
Calcipotriene
Topical vitamin D
73
Doxercalciferol
Vitamin D analog used in secondary hyperparathyroisism of renal disease
74
Paricalitol
Vitamin D analog used in secondary hyperparathyroisism of renal disease
75
Etidronate
Bisphosphonate Daily For Paget's only
76
Alendronate
Bisphosphonate | Daily or weekly
77
Risedronate
Bisphosphonate | Daily, weekly, or monthly
78
Ibandronate
Bisphosphonate | Monthly (oral) or quarterly (IV)
79
Zoledronic acid
Bisphosphonate | Annual (IV)
80
Pamidoronate
Bisphosphonate IV Paget's and malignancies
81
Teriparatide
PTH 1-34 Used for osteoporosis Stimulates structurally normal new bone
82
Calcitonin
Used in osteoporosis Increases bone mass Not as useful as bisphosphonate or teriparatide
83
Denosumab
RANKL inhibitor | Suppresses bone resorption
84
Fluoride
Prevents dental caries
85
Cinacalcet
Activates calcium sensing receptor in parathyroid | Used in 2ndary hyperparathyroidism in renal disease and parathyroid carcinoma
86
Lispro
Rapid acting insulin
87
Aspart
Rapid acting insulin
88
Glulisine
Rapid acting insulin
89
Regular Novolin
Short-acting insulin
90
Regular Humulin
Short-acting insulin
91
NPH Humulin
Intermediate acting insulin
92
NPH Novolin
Intermediate acting insulin
93
Detemir
Long-acting insulin
94
Glargine
Long-acting insulin
95
Tolbutamide
1st gen sulfonylurea
96
Tolazamide
1st gen sulfonylurea
97
Chlorpropamide
1st gen sulfonylurea
98
Glyburide
2nd gen sulfonylurea
99
Glipizide
2nd gen sulfonylurea
100
Glimepiride
2nd gen sulfonylurea
101
Repaglinide
Meglitinide
102
Nateglinide
Meglitinide
103
Metformin
Biguanide
104
Rosiglitazone
Thiazolidinedione
105
Pioglitzaone
Thiazolidinedione
106
Exenatide
GLP-1 Analogue
107
Liraglutide
GLP-1 Analogue
108
Albiglutide
GLP-1 Analogue
109
Duraglutide
GLP-1 Analogue
110
Silagliptin
Dipeptidyl Peptidiase-4 inhibitor
111
Saxagliptin
Dipeptidyl Peptidiase-4 inhibitor
112
Linagliptin
Dipeptidyl Peptidiase-4 inhibitor
113
Alogliptin
Dipeptidyl Peptidiase-4 inhibitor
114
Acarbose
alpha-glycosidase inhibitor
115
Miglitol
alpha-glycosidase inhibitor
116
Canagliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor
117
Dapagliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor
118
Empagliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor
119
Pramlintide
Amylin analog
120
Covesevalam
Bile acid sequestrant | Can exacerbate hyperglycemia

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