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MEDSCI142 > Endocrine & Autonomic > Flashcards

Endocrine & Autonomic Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 most general areas of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

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2
Q

What is the difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system?

A

Somatic –> voluntary. Autonomic –> involuntary

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3
Q

Define afferent

A

sensory

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4
Q

define efferent

A

effector/motor

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5
Q

What are the 2 branches of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic & parasympathetic

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6
Q

Describe the steps of a synapse

A
  1. Action potential at presynaptic neruon 2. opening of voltage gated calcium channels and influx of calcium into presynpatic neuron 3. neruotransmitters fuse to vesicle and diffuse across synaptic clef to postsynaptic neuron 4. neurotransmitters bind to ligand gated protein channels 5. influx of Na ions
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7
Q

What are some of the aspects of the alarm response?

A 
Increased heart rate
Vasoconstriction/increase blood pressure
Pupil dilation
Increase heart rate and contractile force
Decreased saliva & gut function
Dilation of bronchi
Contraction of arrector pili muscles
Sweat secretion
Decreased digestion
Increased blood sugar
Increased water retention
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8
Q

Medically, what is the alarm response referred to as?

A

Sympathetic nervous response

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9
Q

What are some of the aspects of the relaxation response?

A 
Decreased heart rate & contractile force
Pupil contraction
Increased saliva
Constriction of bronchi
Dilation of peripheral blood vessels
Increased digestion rate
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10
Q

Medically, what is the relaxation response referred to as?

A

Parasympathetic nervous response

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11
Q

How many neurons are involved with the autonomic pathway?

A

2, pre and post ganglionic

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12
Q

How many neurons are involved with the somatic pathway?

A

1

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13
Q

What are the neurotransmitters for the autonomic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

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14
Q

What are the neurotransmitters for the somatic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

What neurotransmitters are involved in sympathetic nerve response?

A

Acetylcholine pre ganglionic, norepinephrine post ganglionic (Sweat is ACh/ACh)

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16
Q

What neurotransmitters are involved in the parasympathetic nerve response?

A

Acetylcholine both pre and post ganglionic

17
Q

What is the HPA complex?

A

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands

18
Q

What is paracrine?

A

Local hormones

19
Q

What is autocrine?

A

effects own cell

20
Q

What are the two classifications of hormones?

A

Lipid soluble and water soluble

21
Q

What is the pathway of lipid soluble hormones?

A

From carrier in blood stream, diffuse across membrane, bind to nucleonic receptors and direct mRNA response

22
Q

What is the pathway of water soluble hormones?

A

bind to surface receptors, creates G-protein response

23
Q

What are the sections of the pituitary gland?

A

Posterior and anterior

24
Q

What is the vasculature of the pituitary gland referred to as?

A

Hypophyseal portal veins

25
Q

How many hormones are associated with the hypothalamus?

A

9

26
Q

How many hormones are associated with the pituitary gland?

A

7

27
Q

What are the sections of the adrenal glands?

A

Capsule, cortex, medulla

28
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

Linked to pre ganglionic sympathetic neurons, synapses with medulla cells releasing norepinephrine and epinephrine that extend and enhance sympathetic response

29
Q

Function of epinephrine & norepinephrine?

A

Extend and enhance sympathetic response

30
Q

The stress response is categorized by what steps?

A
  1. sympathetic response 2. Medulla response 3. Cortex response
31
Q

What is the name for hormone B released by the cortex?

A

glucocorticoids (cortisol)

32
Q

Describe how cortisol is released from the cortex

A

CRH from hypothalamus, releases ACTH from Ant.pituitary gland, which releases cortisol from the adrenal glands

33
Q

What are the functions of corisol?

A
  1. Increased protein breakdown
  2. Gluconeogenesis in liver
  3. Lipolysis in adipose tissue
  4. Altered blood vessel sensitivity to vasoconstriction
  5. Anti-inflammatory to limit tissue damage
  6. Alters immune response
34
Q

What are the two types of stress?

A

Eustress (acute), chronic stress (long term).

35
Q

What controls human growth and where does it come from?

A

hGH, anterior pituitary gland

MEDSCI142 (9 decks)

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