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MEDSCI142 > Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Physiology Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Function of kidneys

A

To filter blood

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2
Q

Protective layers of kidney

A

Renal fasia, adipose capsule, renal capsule

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3
Q

What is in a lobe

A

One medullary pyramid, 2 halves of renal columns, and remaining cortex

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4
Q

Where are the papillary ducts and what as their function

A

Inner end of medullary pyramid. Drains urine into calyx

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5
Q

Location/function of maj/min calyces

A

Minor first, then major, drain urine from nephrons

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6
Q

Where can a nephron be found

A

Extending from cortex to medulla and back

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7
Q

Subsection of a lobe

A

lobules

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8
Q

Av amount of lobes in human kidney

A

8-12

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9
Q

Renal artery

A

Supplies

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10
Q

Renal vein

A

Drains

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11
Q

Visceral glomerus cells

A

Podocytes

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12
Q

What is inbetween visceral and parietal cells

A

Urinary space

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13
Q

Difference between proximal and distal convoluted tubule

A

Proximal takes urine from glomerus, distal provides feedback

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14
Q

Filtration layers between endothelial cells and poocytes

A
  1. Fenestrated endothelium
  2. Basal laminar
  3. Split membrane
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15
Q

Fenestrated endothelium blocks

A

RBCs

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16
Q

Basal laminar blocks

A

RBCs & Large proteins

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17
Q

Split membrane blocks

A

RBCs & Large & Medium proteins

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18
Q

What makes it through podocyte/endothelium barrier to urinary space

A

Small proteins

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19
Q

Renal blood pathway

A

Renal artery - segmental arteries - interlobar arteries - arcuate arteries - cortical radiate arteries - afferent arterioles - glomerular capillaries - efferent arterioles - peritubular capillaries - cortical radiate veins - arcuate veins - interlobar veins - renal veins

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20
Q

Formulae and units of osmolarity

A

Osmolarity = molarity x dissociation factor (mOsm/L)

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21
Q

150mM NaCl extracellular, 300mM urea intracellular… determine osmolarity

A

Isoosmotic

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22
Q

Hyper osmotic

A

Higher osmolarity than comparison

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23
Q

Iso osmotic

A

Same osmolarity than comparison

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24
Q

Hypo osmotic

A

Lower osmolarity than comparison

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25
Outline tonicity
Movement of water due to osmolarity
26
70kg male fluid breakdown
``` 60% mass is fluid (42l) 2/3 intracellular (28l) 1/3 extracellular (14l) - 20% plasma (2.8l) - 80% interstitial (11.2l) ```
27
Excretion =
Filtration + secrection - reabsorption
28
Function of glomerulus
Filtration of small proteins out, rate of filtration
29
Change in blood pressure impacts kidneys how
Blood flow remains the same (arterioles) urine production does change
30
Constriction of glomerulus afferent arteriole
Increased resistance, decreased flow, decreased glomerulus pressure (less filtration)
31
Constriction of glomerulus efferent arterioles
Afferent arteriole fine, increased prssure prior to constriction (glomerulus) therefore more filtration
32
NFP=
GBHP - CHP - BCOP
33
Glomerulus filtration controlled how
BP and sympathetic control of arterioles, angiotensin ll vasoconstrictor, Atrial natriuretic peptide
34
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Relaxes mesangial cells, more Na+ out so more filtration
35
Macula cells
Found in ascending loop of henle (distal convoluted tubule) communicates rate of filtration by content of Na+
36
Compare juxtaglomemedullary and cortical nephrons
Cortical nephrons are in the cortex, juxtaglomemedullary nephrons extend from the cortex into the medullary pyramid
37
Role of proximal convoluted tubule
Most reabsorption of water and solutes here 60% of total volume 60% of all water and Na+ 100% of glucose
38
Transport level of proximal convoluted tubule
Na+/Glucose symmporter brings both in, glucose diffuses out, Na+ pumped via Na/K atpase, movement of Na+ allows osmosis of water
39
Role of descending loop of henle
Low permeability to ions, high permeability to water High osmolarity in interstitial space, water moves out (300Osmol/L inside vs 1200 outside)
40
Role of ascending loop of henle
``` Impermeable to water Cl-, K+, Na+ actively reabsorped Na/K atpase pumps Na+ out Cl- diffuses out Very dilute solution now ```
41
Thin loop is _____ Thick loop is ______
Descending, ascending
42
Association of blood vessels to loop of henle
Descending loop associated with veins, which remove water, ascending loop associated with artery
43
Role of distal convoluted tubule & collecting duct
Continuation of Na+ & K+ reabsorption
44
Concentration of urine at bottom of loop of henle
1200mOsmol/L
45
ADH name and inhibitor
Anti-diuretic hormone, alcohol
46
Function of ADH
Water retention
47
Vassopresin
ADH
48
Function/location of osmoreceptors
Found in upper hypothalamus, tell hypothalamus to release ADH through Posterior pituitary
49
How does osmoreceptor activate
If blood pressure drops, [Na+] increases, or is osmolarity increases, the cell shrinks and causes an opening of Na+ channels to create AP to hypothalamus
50
Osmolarity required for release of ADH
280mOsmol/L
51
Osmolarity required for thirst stimulus
295mOsmol/L
52
Where does ADH act
Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
53
Pathway of ADH from blood
ADH binds to cell receptor of nephron, second messenger creates aquaporin 2 water pores which fuse to apical membrane allowing water reabsorption
54
Receptor input to hypothalamus
osmorecpetors and baroreceptors
55
X change in blood pressure required for ADH release
decrease of 10%
56
Role of renin angiotensin aldosterone system
salt retention
57
What do juztaglomerulus cells release
Renin
58
What causes renin release
Drop in afferent arteriole blood pressure, low NaCl conc, or decreased sympathetic activity
59
Function of renin
Rate limited step in production of ATll, converts angiotensin to ATl
60
Function of ATll
Aldosterone release Vasoconstriction Sodium and water reabsorption Stimulate thirst, release ADH
61
Overall function/location of aldosterone
Sodium retention/reabsorption, comes from cortex of adrenal glands
62
How does aldosterone work
From adrenal cortex, transcription of Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in collecting duct
63
Upon haemorrhage...
Loss is isosmotic, so water retention and salt retention needed
64
Where in nephron is water reabsorbed
Proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts
65
Where is glucose reabsorbed/how
Proximal convoluted tubule, glucose sodium symporter
66
Where is Na reabsorbed/how
Proximal convoluted tubule, ascending loop of henle, distal CT and collecting tubule, Na+/K+ ATPase and Na+/K+/Cl- symporter in ascending tubule
67
Alcohol inhibits
ADH
68
Where is Cl- reabsorbed/how
Ascending loop of henle, Na+/K+/Cl- symporter

MEDSCI142 (9 decks)

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