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Year 2 extra > Endocrine extra > Flashcards

Endocrine extra Flashcards

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1
Q

Which organism is commonly found in foot ulcers?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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2
Q

How is pheochromocytoma screened for?

A

Plasma Metanephrines

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3
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is ________ failure due to bleeding.

A

adrenal

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4
Q

Should glucocorticoids be used long term?

A

No

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5
Q

Which drug can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

lithium

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6
Q

Which disease can cause cranial diabetes insipidus?

A

Sarcoidosis

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7
Q

Prolactinomas can resolve with a year of medication. T/F

A

True

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8
Q

Dexamethasone is a…

A

steroid.

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9
Q

How many episodes of severe hypoglycemia mean that a patient can no longer drive?

A

2

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10
Q

Pancreatic failure ceases insulin production, leading to secondary diabetes. Which disease is this common in?

A

Cystic fibrosis

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11
Q

__________-acting insulin is first line for type 2 diabetes.

A

Intermediate

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12
Q

High T3
Normal T4
Low TSH

A

T3 toxicosis

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13
Q

How is steroid-induced hyperglycaemia treated?

A

Sulphonylureas

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14
Q

Acromegaly initial investigation

A

IGF-1

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15
Q

Acromegaly confirming investigation

A

Oral glucose

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16
Q

Cushing’s is diagnosed with a ____ dose dexamethasone suppression test followed by a ____ dose dexamethasone suppression test.

A

high
low

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17
Q

Hypotestosteronism can lead to…

A

Osteoporosis.

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18
Q

Insulinoma is tested with a __ hour fast.

A

72

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19
Q

What is a side effect of pioglitazone?

A

Fluid retention

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20
Q

What can amiodarone cause in the lungs?

A

Pneumonitis

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21
Q

Name some side effects of carbimazole

A

Rashes
Agranulocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Headaches
Anaemia

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22
Q

Insulin calculation for DKA

A

% x W x 10

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23
Q

?/5 of the insulin is short acting in a basal bolus regime?

A

3

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24
Q

PTH acts in the ________ convoluted tubule.

A

distal

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25
______parathyroidism causes brown bone tumours.
Hyper
26
🐠 test
🟡🏃‍♀️
27
Psammoma bodies consist of clusters of ________________. They are most commonly seen in papillary carcinomas.
microcalcification
28
Which tummy problem does type 1 diabetes increase the risk of?
Coeliac
28
Which thyroid protein increases in pregnancy?
Thyroid binding globulin
28
LH/FSH stimulates testosterone secretion.
LH
28
Thyroid hormone receptors are found in the…
nucleus.
29
Cushings causes _____kalemia.
hypo
30
Injected ________ increase diabetes risk.
steroids
31
What is the pattern of secretion of GH?
Pulsatile
32
The anterior pituitary gland is comprised of 50% ________trophs.
somato
33
B blockers ________ insulin release.
inhibit
34
Which testicular tumour can cause gynaecomastia
HCG secreting seminoma
35
What is acropachy (seen in graves)?
Clubbing and tissue swelling
35
Hashimotos has a risk of _____ lymphoma.
MALT
36
Which type of sampling can show which adrenal gland is the problem
Adrenal venous sampling
36
During the infancy stage which hormone drives growth?
Insulin
36
Which pancreatic tumour causes a blistering rash?
Glucagonoma
37
From which amino acid are catecholamines primarily derived?
Tyrosine
38
addisonioan crisis presentation
Hyponatreamia Hypoglycemia Low bp
38
Ferrous sulphate decreases absorption of what?
levothyroxine
39
How does iron deficiency anemia present?
tiredness palpitations breathlessness
40
Pituitary hormone disappearance order
GH LH and FSH TSH
41
How is acromegaly diagnosed?
Oral glucose tolerance test
41
Mumps - testicular failure
42
What causes flushing, diarrhoea and pain and is treated with Octreotide?
Adrenal carcinoid tumour
43
What do adrenal carcinoid tumours secrete?
Seretonin
43
De Quervain's Thyroiditis treatment
NSAIDs B blockers Resolves in 6 months
43
GH is released when tired and hungry. Which virmain do they release?
D
43
Describe the process of thyroid hormone release
pinocytosis digestion secretion through transporters
43
High plasma osmolality in diabetes lead to high…
albumin.
43
Where is oxytocin produced?
Hypothalamus
44
1a hydroxylase activates vitamin…
D.
44
Which receptor stimulates calcitonin?
CaSR
44
PTH stimulates FGF23 to decrease…
phosphate.
44
Does acromegaly increase risk of diabetes?
Yes
44
Oxytocin causes water…
excretion.
44
Non functioning pituitary adenomas are most common. T/F
True
45
What eye problems are specific to graves
Eye pain and double vision
46
The hypothalamus is connected to the anterior pituitary by the…
hypophyseal portal venous system.
46
severance of the pituitary stalk prevents release of…
ADH.
46
Which diabetes drug increases risk of CVD?
Gliclazide
46
Exanatide for
obese
47
___ stimulates chromaffin cells
ACh
47
Gestational diabetes has a fasting glucose of __mmol/L or above.
5.6
47
Pioglitazone increases the risk of what cancer?
Bladder
47
Nelson’s syndrome can follow an adrenalectomy. How does it present?
Headaches Weakness pigmentation
47
What should be done for hypoglycemic unawareness.
Reduce insulin
47
Ghrelin stimulates…
GnRH
47
Calcitonin _________ phosphate.
decreases
47
____ dose dexamethasone suppression test
High
47
What is the gold standard investigation or 'challenge' test which is used to clarify the diagnosis of hypopituitarism?
Insulin tolerance test
47
Spironolactone ________ testosterone and ________ oestradiol.
decreases increases
47
Gastroparesis complications
DKA Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia
47
Describe thyroid lymphoma
Slow growing Restricts abilities
47
Gestational diabetes can present with a 2-hour post-oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose level of ≥___ mmol/L.
7.8
47
Poor compliance is usually shown…
subclinically.
47
Can long acting insulin be given with short acting insulin?
No
47
How does alcohol cause hypoglycemia?
Inhibits glycogenolysis
47
Does pregnancy increase free T4?
No
47
In Graves disease Ig_ antibodies are formed against the TSH receptors on the thyroid gland.
G
47
Increased amino acids ______ glucagon release.
Stimulate
47
What causes an early and a late drop in blood glucose?
Exercise
47
Is LH and FSH high or low in menopause?
High
48
Methyldopa 🐠
Citrus
48
Hyperparathyroid drugs can cause agranulocytosis - how does this present?
Sore throat Neutropenia Sepsis
49
Diabetes can destroy which joints?
tarsometatarsal
50
Chronic alcoholism can present like Cushings but with…
normal dinural variation of cortisol.
51
What is the main risk factor for thyroid eye disease in patients with Graves' disease?
Smoking
52
Sepsis and renal impairment cause ______ acidosis.
lactic
52
PDE inhibitors can cause ____tension.
hypo
52
Macrosomia is a birthweight more than…
4 kg.
52
What is the biggest side effect of pioglitazone?
Fluid retention
53
What is Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome most commonly caused by?
Neisseria Meningitis
54
In T1D there is a defect in GLUT_.
4

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