MSK extra

Question 1

Adults have __% cortical bone, __% trabecular bone.

Answer 1

80
20

Question 2

PTH acts on the kidney to increase reabsorption of calcium within the ________ tubule of the nephron and to increase phosphate secretion in the ________ tubule of the nephron.

Answer 2

Distal
Proximal

Question 3

What is osteomalacia?

Answer 3

Vitamin D deficiency leads to soft bones

Question 4

What is the precursor of a skeletal cell?

Answer 4

Satellite cell

Question 5

Osteoclasts bind to the bone matrix via which receptors?

Answer 5

Integrin

Question 6

What is the main component of bone ECM?

Answer 6

Hydroxyapatite

Question 7

Premature osteocyte death occurs in…

Answer 7

osteoporosis.

Question 8

Where do osteocytes reside?

Answer 8

Lacunae

Question 9

Red bone marrow is found in which type of bone?

Answer 9

Flat

Question 10

Prostate metastasis causes _________ lesions whereas renal and thyroid metastasis cause ________ lesions.

Answer 10

Sclerotic

Osteolytic

Question 11

When is the popeye sign present?

Answer 11

Long head of biceps rupture proximally

Question 12

What is a common cause of swelling and knee pain in kids?

Answer 12

Osgood-Schlatter’s disease

Question 13

Stress fractures are obvious and easily seen by Xrays. T/F

Answer 13

False

Question 14

In a suspected spinal injury, what is the best way to open the airawy?

Answer 14

Jaw thrust

Question 15

Match these foot injuries to their associations:

1. Lisfranc injury
2. metatarsal base stress fracture
3. Calcaneal fracture

A. Ballet
B. Football or RTA
C. Fall from height

Answer 15

1. B
2. A
3. C

Question 16

Describe chondrosarcomas

Answer 16

Osteolytic and worse at night

Question 17

The leg is _________ rotated in a posterior hip dislocation.

Answer 17

internally

Question 18

What does Gustilo-Anderson assess?

Answer 18

Soft tissue injury
Wound size
Vascular injury

Question 19

How do fat embolisms present?

Answer 19

Breathlessness
Confusion
Rash

Question 20

Where does Sclerosing osteomyelitis of Garre occur?

Answer 20

Mandible

Question 21

C perfringes 🧔🏾‍♀️

Answer 21

Gas 💨

Question 22

Common fibular nerve

Answer 22

Common peroneal nerve

Question 23

Olecranon

Answer 23

Ulnar cup

Question 24

List carpal tunnel treatment in order of step up therapy.

Answer 24

Splint
Steroids
Surgery

Question 25

Greenstick fracture

Answer 25

Incomplete fracture caused by bending

Question 26

Buckle/torus fractures

Answer 26

Bulging impaction fracture

Question 27

Aneurysms are always…

Answer 27

pulsatile and expansile.

Question 28

What is sudeck's atrophy?

Answer 28

Complex regional pain syndrome Hot Shiny Painful to light touch Red Post op

Question 29

List some risk factors for trigger finger

Answer 29

Female 50-60 Diabetes Dominant hand

Question 30

Do steroids increase risk of AVN?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

How should sudeck's atrophy be treated?

Answer 31

Conservatively with amytriptyline

Question 32

How are undisplaced intracapsular fractures treated?

Answer 32

Internal fixation with hip screws

Question 33

What is commonly fractured in tennis players?

Answer 33

Hamate

Question 34

What does garden classification describe?

Answer 34

Intracapsular hip fractures

Question 35

Cipro

Answer 35

Quino

Question 36

How do Lisfranc injuries occur?

Answer 36

Twisting

Question 37

What is the advantage of a plaster back slab?

Answer 37

Allows room for swelling

Question 38

What sorts of conditions should ESR be monitored in?

Answer 38

Inflammatory Malignancy

Question 39

What’s the best investigation for ligaments?

Answer 39

MRI

Question 40

What is the capitellum?

Answer 40

Elbow ball bone

Question 41

How do capitellum fractures present?

Answer 41

Lateral tenderness with inability to extend

Question 42

What is Lipohaemarthrosis?

Answer 42

Blood and fat in joint fractures

Question 43

What do scaphoid fractures have a high risk of?

Answer 43

AVN

Question 44

What does Ewing’s sarcoma cause?

Answer 44

Fever Fatigue

Question 45

Does osteochondritis dessicans cause swelling?

Answer 45

Yes because of repetitive strain

Question 46

In this condition, trauma causes circumferential calcification with a lucent centre.

Answer 46

Myositis ossificans

Question 47

What is the investigation for septic joints?

Answer 47

Arthrocentesis

Question 48

Fracture above joint worse than fracture below joint. T/F

Answer 48

True

Question 49

What is the grind test for?

Answer 49

Arthritis

Question 50

How is post-operative osteomyelitis treated?

Answer 50

Remove fixations

Question 51

Where does the sural nerve provide sensation?

Answer 51

Lateral leg

Question 52

Carbamazepine increases the risk of…

Answer 52

osteoporosis.

Question 53

What is Osgood-schlatter's disease?

Answer 53

Pain over the tibial tuberosity due to over-exertion in children

Question 54

What is specific to acute cord compression?

Answer 54

Hyperreflexia

Question 55

Which fracture is at the first metacarpal base?

Answer 55

Bennet

Question 56

The ulnar nerve travels posterior to the ________ epicondyl.

Answer 56

medial

Question 57

Suspect an ankle fracture with tenderness over the ________ or an inability to ________.

Answer 57

malleolus weight bear

Question 58

Does plantar fasciitis get better or worse throughout the day?

Answer 58

Better

Question 59

What does spine wedging indicate?

Answer 59

Osteoporosis

Question 60

The psoas muscle is responsible for flexion and…

Answer 60

external rotation.

Question 61

Does apoptosis occur in necrosis?

Answer 61

No

Question 61

Which muscles does Trendelenburg test?

Answer 61

Gluteus medius and minimus Drops to opposite side

Question 62

What is FOOSH most likely to break?

Answer 62

Distal radius

Question 63

Coxa

Answer 63

Hip

Question 64

Which muscle does Froment’s test test?

Answer 64

Adductor pollicis

Question 65

CN __ innervates the tongue and passes theough the submandibular gland.

Answer 65

IX

Question 65

The axillary artery and vein travel closely by the…

Answer 65

pec minor and brachial plexus.

Question 66

What is the most common cause of osteolytic bone metastasis in children?

Answer 66

Neuroblastoma 🚀

Question 67

The ulnar artery is right next to which bone?

Answer 67

Pisiform

Question 67

🙁3

Answer 67

ACL

Question 67

Where does the rectus abdominis lie?

Answer 67

Rectal sheath

Question 68

Which muscle attaches to the fibrous elbow capsule?

Answer 68

Brachialis

Question 69

What is the spinous process formed by?

Answer 69

2 laminae

Question 70

The dorsalis pedis artery is a direct continuation of the…

Answer 70

anterior tibial artery.

Question 71

ALP in osteomalacia is…

Answer 71

high.

Question 71

The sternal angle is at the lower border of the T_ vertebra.

Answer 71

4

Question 72

Which bursitis can cause tibia pain?

Answer 72

Pes anserinus

Question 72

Aspirin interferes with methotrexate to cause…

Answer 72

bone marrow toxicity.

Question 73

What does the trapezius do to the scapula?

Answer 73

Upwards rotation

Question 73

In SLE ANA is more ________ and anti-dsDNA is more _________.

Answer 73

sensitive specific

Question 74

Which finger is not a point of attachment for the palmar interossei?

Answer 74

🖕

Question 75

Which third of the clavicle is most likely to fracture?

Answer 75

Middle

Question 75

What happens in osteopetrosis?

Answer 75

Overgrowth and sclerosis from osteoblast dysfunction

Question 76

What does vitamin D deficiency impair?

Answer 76

Mineralisation

Question 77

What joins to the proximal radial head?

Answer 77

Capitulum

Question 78

TEN can be caused by allopurinol. How does it present?

Answer 78

🥵pyrexia ❣️tachycardia 🩸skin separation

Question 79

The hyoid bone is at C_.

Answer 79

3

Question 80

What does RA increase risk of?

Answer 80

CVD

Question 81

The tibialis anterior tendon passes by the ________ malleolus.

Answer 81

medial

Question 82

What is most superficial tummy?

Answer 82

External oblique aponeurosis Rectus sheath

Question 82

Name a GI side effect of methotrexate

Answer 82

Hepatotoxicity

Question 83

What delivers blood supply to the scaphoid?

Answer 83

Dorsal carpal branch (to the tubercle distally)

Question 84

Is obesity a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Answer 84

No

Question 85

Azathioprine inhibits _______ synthesis.

Answer 85

purein

Question 86

Chloramphename causes…

Answer 86

constipation.

Question 86

What scan is done before DEXA?

Answer 86

FRAX

Question 86

Rickets has excess of mineralized osteoid. T/F

Answer 86

False. Rickets has excess of non-mineralized osteoid

Question 87

What is Sjogren's a complication of?

Answer 87

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 88

Pseudogout can result from ______ hyperparathyroidism.

Answer 88

primary

Question 89

What is azathioprine metabolised to?

Answer 89

mercaptopurine

Question 90

Chlorphenamine mechanism of action

Answer 90

H1 receptor antagonist

Question 90

What is fibrillin

Answer 90

glycoprotein

Question 91

The leg is __ternally rotated for anterior hip dislocations.

Answer 91

ex

Question 92

What is a side effect of azathioprine?

Answer 92

Pancreatitis (vomiting, diarrhoea)

Question 93

Describe Ca, phosphate, PTH and ALP levels in osteoporosis

Answer 93

Normal

Question 94

Which substance causes gout?

Answer 94

Monosodium urate