Endocrine Glands - Histo

Question 1

Type of secretion which involves in localized dispersal or through short loops of blood vessels

Answer 1

Paracrine

Question 2

Type of secretion in which a signaling molecule remains on the secreting cell’s surface or adjacent extracellular matrix and affects the target cells when the cells make contact

Answer 2

Juxtacrine

Question 3

Type pf secretion where cells may produce molecules that act on themselves or on cells of the same type

Answer 3

Autocrine

Question 4

Cells that exhibit paracrine secretion

Answer 4

G cells

Question 5

Cells that exhibit autocrine secretion

Answer 5

IGF

Question 6

This signaling is particularly important in embryonic and regenerative tissue interactions

Answer 6

Juxtacrine

Question 7

Hormones that can diffuse through the cell membrane and activate cytoplasmic receptors in target cells

Answer 7

Steroids and Thyroid Hormones

Question 8

Weight and dimension of pituitary gland

Answer 8

0.5 g and 10x13x6mm

Question 9

What part of the skull does pituitary gland lies?

Answer 9

Sphenoid bone - sella turcica

Question 10

Its oral component arises from tge outpocketing of the ectoderm

Answer 10

Adenohypophysis

Question 11

Part of pituitary that has neural component

Answer 11

Neurohypophysis

Question 12

What part of pituitary rathke’s pouch develops?

Answer 12

Anterior part

Question 13

What are the part of neurohypophysis?

Answer 13

• pars nervosa

- infundibulum

Question 14

What are the parts of adenohypophysis?

Answer 14

• pars distalis
• para tuberalis
• pars intermedia

Question 15

What part of adenohypophysis wraps around the infundibulum?

Answer 15

Pars tuberalis

Question 16

What part of adenohypophysis adjacent to pars nervosa?

Answer 16

Pars inyermedia

Question 17

A bundle of axons that courses into the neurohypophysis from two important hypothalamic nuclei

Answer 17

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

Question 18

What nuclei is responsible for the synthesis of ADH and oxytocin?

Answer 18

Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

Question 19

Blood supply of median eminence and infundibular stalk?

Answer 19

Superior hypophyseal arteries

Question 20

Main blood supply of neurohypohysis

Answer 20

Inferior hypophyseal arteries *from internal carotid artery

Question 21

Has great importance because it carries neuropeptides from the median eminence the short distance to the adenohypophysis where they either stimulate or inhibit hormone release by endocrine cells

Answer 21

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

Question 22

It accounts for 75% of adenohypophysis and has thin fibrous capsule

Answer 22

Pars distalis

Question 23

These are secretory cells in which hormone is stored in cytoplasmic granules

Answer 23

Chromophils

Question 24

What hormones does acidophils secrete?

Answer 24

• GH

- PRL

Question 25

What hormones are the least and most abundant in pars distalis?

Answer 25

Least - thyrotrophs | Most - somatotrophs

Question 26

What hormones does basophils secrete?

Answer 26

FLAT

Question 27

What is the main protein does corticotrophs secrete?

Answer 27

POMC

Question 28

Type of cell that stains weakly, with few or no secretory granules, and also represent a heterogenous group, including stem and undifferentiated progenitor cells as well as any degranulated cells

Answer 28

Chromophobes

Question 29

What hormones does pars tuberalis secretes?

Answer 29

Gonadotrophs

Question 30

A thin zone of basophilic cells between the pars distalis and the pars nervosa of the neurohypophysis

Answer 30

Pars intermedia

Question 31

A smaller funnel-shaped region surrounding the infundibulum of the neurohypophysis, which is often invaded by basophils

Answer 31

Pars tuberalis

Question 32

What ate the hormones does corticotrophs secrete?

Answer 32

ACTH and B LPH (lipotropin)

Question 33

During fetal life, this part of adenohypophysis also express POMC

Answer 33

pars intermedia

Question 34

Developed from the dorsal wall of the hypophyseal pouch and usually contains fluid-filled cysts of various sizes

Answer 34

Para intermedia

Question 35

Cleaves by different peoteases to produce smaller peptide hormones

Answer 35

POMC

Question 36

A polypeptide produced mainly by the gastric mucosa which also acts as a releasing hormone for somatotropin and oxytocin (also prolactin)

Answer 36

Ghrelin

Question 37

Highly branched glial cells that resemble astrocytes and are most abundant cell type in the posterior pituitary

Answer 37

Pituicytes

Question 38

It is an axonal dilation where ADH and oxytocin accumulate

Answer 38

Herring body

Question 39

Chemical form of TRH

Answer 39

3 amino acid peptide

Question 40

Aka modified amino acid

Answer 40

Dopamine

Question 41

Aka 41 amino acid polypeptide

Answer 41

CRH

Question 42

Aka 14 amino acid peptide

Answer 42

Somatostatin

Question 43

Aka 10 amino acid peptide

Answer 43

GnRH

Question 44

Wt. of adrenal medulla

Answer 44

8 g

Question 45

Part of adrenal gland that mesoderm and the other from the neural crest

Answer 45

Mesoderm - cortex | Neural crest - medulla

Question 46

Immediately inside the capsule and comprising 15% of the cortex, consist of closely packed rounded or arched cords of columnar pyramidal cells with many capillaries

Answer 46

Zona glomerulosa

Question 47

Comprise about 10% of the cortex and consists of smaller cells in a network of irregular cords interspersed with wide capillaries

Answer 47

Zona reticularis

Question 48

Occupies 65 to 80% of the cortex and consist of long cords of large polyhedral cells, one or two cells thick, separated by fenestrated sinusoidal capillaries

Answer 48

Zona fasciculata

Question 49

Composed of large, pale-staining polyhedral cells arranged in cords or clumps and supported by a reticular fiber network

Answer 49

Adrenal medulla

Question 50

A medullary parenchymal cells that arise from neural crest cells

Answer 50

Chromaffin cells

Question 51

Cells that can be considered as modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons, lacking axons and dendrites and specialized as secretory cells

Answer 51

Chromaffin cells

Question 52

Storage site of cathecolamines, ATP and calcium

Answer 52

Chromogranins

Question 53

Collections of catechilamone-secreting cells adjacent to the autonomic ganglia

Answer 53

Paraganglia

Question 54

Cells that ate innervated by cholinergic endings of preganglionic sympathetic neurons which trigger hormone release

Answer 54

Medullary chromaffin cells