endocrine hurst

Question 1

what does the thyroid produce

Answer 1

T3, T4, calcitonin

Question 2

what does calcitonin do

Answer 2

decreases serum calcium levels by taking calcium out of the blood and pushing it back into the bone

Question 3

what do you need to make hormones

Answer 3

iodine

Question 4

what do thyroid hormones do

Answer 4

give energy

Question 5

signs and symptoms of graves disease

Answer 5

nervous
irritable
attention span decrease
appetite increase
weight decrease
sweaty/hot
exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
GI fast
arrhythmia/palpitations
increase thyroid size

Question 6

diagnosing graves disease

Answer 6

increased T4
decreased TSH
thyroid scan
ultrasound, mri, CT

Question 7

what must you do before and after a thyroid scan

Answer 7

discontinue iodine containing meds 1 week prior and 6 weeks after

Question 8

example of iodine containing drug

Answer 8

amiodarone

Question 9

treatment of graves disease

Answer 9

antithyroids
iodine compounds
betablockers (supportive therapy)
radioactive iodine therapy
surgery

Question 10

what do antithyroid do

Answer 10

stop thyroid from making hormones
used prop to stun thyroid

Question 11

what do iodine compounds do

Answer 11

decrease the size and vascularity of the gland

Question 12

how do you give iodine compounds

Answer 12

in milk or juice with a straw because it stains teeth

Question 13

how do beta blockers help hyperthyroidism

Answer 13

decreases myocardial contractility
could decrease cardiac output
decreases HR, BP
decrease anxiety

Question 14

how do you administer radioactive iodine therapy

Answer 14

1 PO dose

Question 15

what must you do after radioactive iodine therapy

Answer 15

stay away from babies for 1 week
dont kiss anyone for 1 week

Question 16

priorities after thyroidectomy

Answer 16

hemorrhage
laryngeal nerve damage
hypocalcemia (PTH is there)

Question 17

signs of hemorrhage post thyroidectomy

Answer 17

feeling of pressure in the neck
bleeding at incision
pooling at back of neck

Question 18

how do you assess for laryngeal nerve damage

Answer 18

listen for hoarseness and weakness

Question 19

what can laryngeal nerve damage lead to

Answer 19

vocal cord paralysis

Question 20

what happens if both vocal cords are paralysed

Answer 20

airway obstruction

Question 21

signs of parathyroid removal

Answer 21

PTH decreased
rigid
tight
siezure

Question 22

signs of hypothyroid

Answer 22

no energy
fatigue
no expression
speech is slow and slurred
weight up
cold
amenorrhea

Question 23

what should you avoid giving a pt with hypothyroid

Answer 23

heating pads they may not feel it

Question 24

diagnosis

Answer 24

T4 decreased
TSH increased

Question 25

treatment of hypothyroid

Answer 25

levothyroxine

Question 26

what does PTH do

Answer 26

makes you pull calcium from the bone and place it in the blood causing serum calcium to go up

Question 27

hyperparathyroid signs and symptoms

Answer 27

too much PTH serum calcium is high phosphorus is low sedated

Question 28

treatment of hyperparathyroid

Answer 28

partial parathyroidectomy

Question 29

hyperparathyroidism signs and symptoms

Answer 29

not enough PTH serum calcium is low and phosphorus is high not sedated

Question 30

treatment of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 30

IV calcium phosphorus binders

Question 31

what do you need adrenals for

Answer 31

handle stress

Question 32

What do glucocorticoids do

Answer 32

affect mood alter defense mechanism breakdown fats and proteins inhibit insulin

Question 33

what do mineral corticoids do

Answer 33

make you retain water and sodium and lose potassium

Question 34

signs of too many sex hormones

Answer 34

hirsutism acne irregular menstral cycle

Question 35

signs of not enough sex hormones

Answer 35

decreased axillary and pubic hair decreased libido

Question 36

What is Addisons disease

Answer 36

not enough steroids

Question 37

signs of Addisons disease

Answer 37

extreme fatigue nausea, vomiting, diarrhea anorexia, weight loss hypotension confusion decreased sodium, increased potassium and hypoglycemia hyperpigmentation-bronzing of skin and mucous membranes white patchy area of depigmented skin

Question 38

treatment of addisons

Answer 38

increase sodium in diet I&O daily weight if losing sodium and water bp will be low fluid volume deficit

Question 39

medications for Addisons disease

Answer 39

corticosteroids

Question 40

how are corticosteroids given

Answer 40

twice a day 2/3 in the morning and 1/3rd at night. its how body naturally secretes

Question 41

what is cushings disease

Answer 41

too many steroids

Question 42

signs of too many glucocorticoids

Answer 42

growth arrest thin extremities and skin hyperglycemia psychosis to depression moon faced truncal obesity buffalo hump

Question 43

signs of too many sex hormones

Answer 43

oily skin/acne women with male traits signs of too many mineral corticoids

Question 44

Signs of too many mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

Answer 44

high BP CHF weight Gian fluid volume excess

Question 45

what will serum potassium be with too much aldosterone

Answer 45

low

Question 46

what would cortisol levels with too many steroids be

Answer 46

high

Question 47

diet pre adrenalectomy

Answer 47

increased potassium decreased sodium increased protein increased calcium

Question 48

characteristics of type 1 diabetes

Answer 48

little or no insulin usually diagnosed in childhood first sign may be DKA appears abruptly classic 3Ps

Question 49

how is diabetes type two usually found

Answer 49

by accident or they keep coming back for things like a wound that one heal or repeated vaginal infections

Question 50

what should individuals with type 2 diabetes be evaluated for

Answer 50

metabolic syndrome

Question 51

what does metabolic syndrome increase the risk for

Answer 51

type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Question 52

features of metabolic syndrome

Answer 52

waist circumference >40 in males >35 in females triglycerides>150 HDL <40 in males <50 in females blood pressure >130/85 FBS>100

Question 53

how much insulin do pregnant women need

Answer 53

2-3 times more than normal

Question 54

when does screening for gestational diabetes happen

Answer 54

when mom has risk factors screen at first visit all moms at 24-28 weeks

Question 55

complications to baby if mom has gestational diabetes

Answer 55

increased birth weight and hypoglycemia

Question 56

diet for diabetes

Answer 56

complex carbs 45% fats 30-40% protein 15-20%

Question 57

why are you concerned about carbs in a diabetic pt

Answer 57

sugar destroys vessels just like fat

Question 58

how does fiber affect glucose

Answer 58

it slows down glucose absorption rate in intestines eliminating sharp rise and falls

Question 59

when can you resume metformin after surgery

Answer 59

after 48 hours if kidney function has returned and creatinine level is normal

Question 60

what is the goal for insulin

Answer 60

to keep before meal glucose to near normal at 80 to 130

Question 61

What does an HBA!C measure

Answer 61

average blood sugar over past 3-4 months

Question 62

what happens to blood sugar when sick

Answer 62

increases

Question 63

HBA1c valcues

Answer 63

>6.5 is diagnostic for diabetes normal is <5.7 goal for diabetics < or equal to 7

Question 64

what type of insulin can be used in infusion pumps

Answer 64

rapid only

Question 65

signs of hypoglycemia

Answer 65

cold and clammy confusion shaky headache nervous nausea hunger increased pulse

Question 66

diabetic foot care

Answer 66

nails strait not short dry between toes well fitting shoes daily inspections no harsh chemicals

Question 67

signs of neuropathy

Answer 67

sexual problems foot.leg problems pain, paresthesia, numbness neurogenic bladder gastroparesis