endocrine pancrease

Question 1

What is Type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 1

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), an autoimmune disease resulting in destruction of β cells and little or no insulin production

Accounts for about 10% of diabetes mellitus cases, generally found in children and young adults.

Question 2

What is Type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 2

Noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), also known as maturity of onset diabetes, generally found in people over 40 and overweight

Now occurring in increasingly younger age groups and associated with resistance to insulin.

Question 3

What is ketoacidosis?

Answer 3

A condition where cells cannot take up glucose, leading to the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex, promoting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis

Ketones released during lipolysis can lower blood pH, potentially leading to ketoacidosis and coma.

Question 4

What triggers the release of cortisol during ketoacidosis?

Answer 4

When cells are unable to take up glucose

Cortisol promotes gluconeogenesis and fat breakdown to provide energy for cells.

Question 5

What is endoneural hypoxia?

Answer 5

A condition where nerves require a steady oxygen supply to survive and generate nerve impulses

Nerves are metabolically very active.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: Type 1 diabetes mellitus accounts for about _____ of people suffering from diabetes mellitus.

Answer 6

10%

Question 7

True or False: Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is a key characteristic of Type 2 diabetes regarding age?

Answer 8

Generally found in people over 40 and overweight, now occurring in younger age groups

Thought to be associated with insulin resistance.

Question 9

What metabolic processes are promoted by cortisol during ketoacidosis?

Answer 9

• Gluconeogenesis
• Lipolysis

Question 10

What happens to blood pH during ketoacidosis?

Answer 10

It lowers due to the release of ketones into the blood.