Endocrine System

Question 1

Ability of the body to maintain a state of equilibrium within its internal environment, regardless of changing conditions in the outside environment

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

Chemical substance produced by specialized cells of the body that works slowly and affects many different processes, including growth and development, sexual function, mood, and metabolism

Answer 2

hormone

Question 3

Sum of all chemical and physical processes occurring within living cells

Answer 3

metabolism

Question 4

The branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of hormone imbalances and diseases that affect the endocrine glands

Answer 4

Endocrinology

Question 5

Conduct basic research to learn the ways glands work and clinical research to learn the best methods to treat patients with a hormone imbalance

Answer 5

Endocrinologist

Question 6

Consists of a network of ductless glands with a rich blood supply that enables the hormones (chemical imbalances) they produce to enter the bloodstream. It is instrumental in regulating mood, body growth and development, tissue function, and metabolism.

Answer 6

Endocrine system

Question 7

aden/o

Answer 7

gland

Question 8

adrenal/o; adren/o

Answer 8

adrenal glands

Question 9

calc/o

Answer 9

calcium

Question 10

gluc/o; glyc/o

Answer 10

sugar, sweetness

Question 11

pancreat/o

Answer 11

pancreas

Question 12

parathyroid/o

Answer 12

parathyroid glands

Question 13

pituitar/o

Answer 13

pituitary gland

Question 14

thym/o

Answer 14

thymus gland

Question 15

thyr/o; thyroid/o

Answer 15

thyroid gland

Question 16

toxic/o

Answer 16

poison

Question 17

-crine

Answer 17

to secrete

Question 18

-ism

Answer 18

condition

Question 19

-toxic

Answer 19

poison

Question 20

hyper-

Answer 20

excessive, above normal

Question 21

poly-

Answer 21

many, much

Question 22

Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex that results in generalized malaise, weakness, muscle atrophy, severe loss of fluids and electrolytes, low blood pressure, hypoglycemia, and hyperpigmentation of the skin

Answer 22

Addison disease

Question 23

Cluster of symptoms caused by excessive amounts of cortisol (glucocorticoid) or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) circulating in the blood; may be due to the use of oral corticosteroid medication or by tumors that produce cortisol or ACTH

Answer 23

Cushing syndrome

Question 24

Group of metabolic diseases characterized by high glucose levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both and that occur in two primary forms: type 1 and type 2

Answer 24

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Question 25

Abrupt onset of DM, usually in childhood, caused by destruction of beta islet cells of the pancreas with complete deficiency of insulin secretion

Answer 25

Type 1 diabetes

Question 26

Gradual onset of DM, usually appearing in middle age and caused by a deficiency in production of insulin or a resistance to the action of insulin or a resistance to the action of insulin by the cells of the body

Answer 26

Type 2 diabetes

Question 27

Tumor of the islets of Lanferhans in the pancreas

Answer 27

insulinoma

Question 28

Inflammation of the pancreas that occurs when pancreatic enzymes that digest food are activated in the pancreas instead of the duodenum and attack pancreatic tissue, causing damage to the gland; most commonly caused by alcoholism and biliary tract disease

Answer 28

pancreatitis

Question 29

Total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity

Answer 29

panhypopituitarism

Question 30

Rare adrenal gland tumor that causes excessive release of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (hormones that regulate heart rate and blood pressure) and induces severe blood pressure elevation

Answer 30

pheochromocytoma

Question 31

Test that measures glucose levels in the blood after the patient has fasted (not eaten) for at least 8 hours; used to diagnose pancreatic disorders, such as diabetes and hypoglycemia; also called fasting blood sugar (FBS)

Answer 31

fasting blood glucose

Question 32

Test in which a patient fasts for 8 to 12 hours and then ingest glucose, and blood samples are taken to determine how quickly the glucose is cleared from the blood; used to diagnose diabetes with higher accuracy than other blood glucose tests; also called oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

Answer 32

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

Question 33

Imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after oral or intravenous administration of radioactive iodine; used to determine thyroid function by monitoring the ability of the thyroid to take up (uptake) iodine from the blood

Answer 33

radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU)

Question 34

Blood test that measure thyroid hormone levels to detect an increase or decrease in thyroid function

Answer 34

thyroid function test (TFT)

Question 35

Blood test that measures calcium to detect parathyroid and bone disorders

Answer 35

total calcium

Question 36

Removal of one lobe in treatment of endocrine disease such as hyperthyroidism

Answer 36

lobectomy

Question 37

Excision of the thymus gland in cases of myasthenia gravis or a tumor

Answer 37

thymectomy

Question 38

Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery that removes pituitary tumors through the nasal cavity via the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without affecting the brain

Answer 38

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

Question 39

Synthetic hormone used to correct a deficiency of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, or testosterone hormone; relieve symptoms of menopause; and prevent osteoporosis in women

Answer 39

hormone replacement

Question 40

Replace insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes or severe type 2diabetes

Answer 40

insulins

Question 41

Treat type 2 diabetes by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin or lower glucose levels in the blood

Answer 41

oral antidiabetics

Question 42

Thyroid hormone deficiency

Answer 42

hypothyroidism

Question 43

Overproduction of the thyroid hormone

Answer 43

hyperthyroidism

Question 44

Inflammation and enlargement of the thyroid

Answer 44

thyromegaly

Question 45

A form of hypothyroidism that develops in infants. If not treated, this disorder leads to mental retardation, impaired growth, low body temperatures, and abnormal bone formation

Answer 45

Cretinism

Question 46

Characterized by edema, low blood levels of thyroid hormones, weight gain, cold intolerance, fatigue, depression, muscle or joint pain, and sluggishness

Answer 46

Myxedema

Question 47

The most common form of hyperthyroidism. It is an autoimmune disease that increases production of thyroid hormones, enlarges the thyroid gland (goiter), and causes multiple system changes. Characterized by an elevated metabolic rate, abnormal weight loss, excessive perspiration, muscle weakness, and emotional instability. Also, the eyes are likely to protrude (exophthalmos) because of edematous swelling in the tissues behind them.

Answer 47

Graves disease

Question 48

Synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and its responsible for normal growth of bones, cartilage, and soft tissue

Answer 48

Growth hormone

Question 49

A deficiency or absence of GH (hyposecretion) during childhood slows bone growth and results in underdevelopment of the body (hypopituitarism)

Answer 49

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 50

Excessive secretion of GH (hypersecretion) during childhood causes an abnormal increase in the length of long bones and results in a disorder known as ______

Answer 50

Giantism

Question 51

When hypersecretion of GH occurs after puberty, an overgrowth of the bones of the face, hands, and feet results in a disorder known as ______

Answer 51

Acromegaly