Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
Inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness
A
arthritis
2
Q
Surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a diseased or damaged joint
A
arthroplasty
3
Q
Site of contact between two bones; also called a joint
A
articulate
4
Q
Shortening or tightening of a muscle
A
contraction
5
Q
Pertaining to muscles and the skeleton
A
musculoskeletal
6
Q
Production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source
A
radiography
7
Q
Lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint
A
synovial fluid
8
Q
Associated with the medical specialties of orthopedics and chiropractic medicine
A
musculoskeletal system
9
Q
The branch of medicine concerned with prevention, diagnosis, care, and treatment of musculoskeletal disroders
A
Orthopedics
10
Q
Employ medical, physical, and surgical methods, such as hip arthroplasty, to restore function that is lost as a result of injury or disease to the musculoskeletal system
A
Orthopedists
11
Q
Specializes in treatment of arthritis and other diseases of joints, muscles, and bones
A
Rheumatologist
12
Q
Non physicians who treat musculoskeletal disorders without drugs or surgery
A
Chiropractor
13
Q
A system of therapy based on the theory that disease is caused by pressure on nerves
A
Chiropractic medicine
14
Q
Includes muscles, bones, joints, and related structures, such as the tendons and connective tissue
A
Musculoskeletal system
15
Q
fasci/o
A
band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separated muscles)
16
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber, fibrous tissue
17
Q
leiomy/o
A
smooth muscle (visceral)
18
Q
lumb/o
A
loins (lower back)
19
Q
muscul/o; my/o
A
muscle
20
Q
ten/o; tend/o; tendin/o
A
tendon
21
Q
carp/o
A
carpus (wrist bones)
22
Q
cervic/o
A
neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
23
Q
cost/o
A
ribs
24
Q
crani/o
A
cranium (skull)
25
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bones)
26
metacarp/o
metacarpus (hand bones)
27
phalang/o
phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)
28
spondyl/o; vertebr/o
vertebra (backbone)
29
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
30
calcane/o
calcaneum (heel bone)
31
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
32
fibul/o
fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)
33
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
34
pelv/i; pelv/o
pelvis
35
radi/o
radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone, thumb side)
36
tibi/o
tibia (larger bone of lower leg)
37
ankyl/o
stiffness; bent, crooked
38
arthr/o
joint
39
chondr/o
cartilage
40
lamin/o
lamina (part of vertebral arch)
41
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
42
orth/o
straight
43
oste/o
bone
44
-clasia
to break; surgical fracture
45
-clast
to break
46
-plegia
paralysis
47
-sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
48
dia-
through, across
49
peri-
around
50
Group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)
Muscular dystrophy
51
Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particularly evident with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids
Myastenia gravis (MG)
52
Injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; also called musculotendinous rotator cuff injury
Rotator cuff injury
53
Trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outward
sprain
54
Trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch
strain
55
Inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse
tendinitis
56
Spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; also called wryneck
torticollis
57
Inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and commonly, changes in structure
arthritis
58
Arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body; also called gout
gouty
59
Progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs (osteophytes) and destruction of articular cartilage =
osteoarthritis
60
Chronic, systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, eventually resulting crippling deformities and immobility
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
61
Deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe (angulation) with an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
bunion
62
Pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
63
Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
contracture
64
Grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
crepitation
65
Malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in ling bones or the pelvis, and most commonly affecting adolescent boys
Ewing sarcoma
66
Any break in a bone
fracture
67
Noncancerous, jelly-like fluid-filled lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of the wrist or hands, but may also appear in the feet
ganglion cyst
68
Herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae; also called prolapsed disk
herniated disk
69
Infection that encompasses all bone (osseous) components, including the bone marrow
osteomyelitis
70
Decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures
osteoporosis
71
Abnormal bone destruction and regrowth of either one or several bones at numerous sites that results in deformity; most commonly occurs in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs; also called osteitis deformans
Paget disease
72
Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis
Rickets
73
Fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
sequestrum
74
Congenital deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes; also called clubfoot
talipes equinovarus
75
Abnormal deviation of the spine from its normal position that results in a misalignment or exaggeration in certain areas, as occurs in kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis
spinal curvatures
76
Increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; also called hunchback
kyphosis
77
Forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, heading to a swayback posture
lordosis
78
Abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually cause bak pain, disk disease, or arthritis
scoliosis
79
Inflammation of one or more vertebrae
spondylitis
80
Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae; also called rheumatoid spondylitis
ankylosing spondylitis
81
Partial forward dislocation of one vertebrae over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; also called spinal cord compression
spondylolisthesis
82
Partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint; also called partial dislocation
subluxation
83
Puncture of a joint space with a needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, instill medications, or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain
arthrocentesis
84
Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible, fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope, which contains a miniature camera and projects images on a monitor to guide instruments during procedures
arthroscopy
85
Surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity
arthroplasty
86
Replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened into the bone; also called total hip replacement (THR)
total hip arthroplasty
87
Excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)
sequestroectomy
88
Reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis and Paget disease
bone reabsorption inhibitors
89
Treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system and preventing further disease progression
gold salts
90
Relieve muscle spasms, pain, and stiffness
muscle relaxants
91
Relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, such as sprains and strains, and inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, gout, and tendinitis
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
92
A fracture that is caused by a disease process, such as osteoporosis or bone cancer
pathological fracture
93
An autoimmune disease in which a reaction against one's own joint tissues, especially synovial fluid, occurs
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
94
Substance detected in blood test of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid factor
