Nervous System

Question 1

Process of thought- including reasoning, judgment, and perception

Answer 1

Cognition

Question 2

Electrical signal transmitted along the nerve fiber in response to a stimulus

Answer 2

nerve impulse

Question 3

Chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between nerve cells (neuron)

Answer 3

neurotransmitters

Question 4

Pertaining to the outside, surface, or surrounding area of an organ or structure or occurring away from its center

Answer 4

peripheral

Question 5

Caused by or pertaining to an injury

Answer 5

traumatic

Question 6

Pertaining to or composed of blood vessels

Answer 6

vascular

Question 7

The branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system

Answer 7

Neurology

Question 8

Includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Answer 8

nervous system

Question 9

Detects, diagnoses, and treats symptoms and disorders that indicate an impairment of any of these functions

Answer 9

Neurologist

Question 10

The branch of surgery involving the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

Answer 10

Neurosurgery

Question 11

The physician who specializes in neurosurgery

Answer 11

Neurosurgeon

Question 12

Two main divisions of the nervous system

Answer 12

Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 13

Consists of the brain and spinal cord and is the control center of the body

Answer 13

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 14

Consists of the peripheral nerves, which include the cranial nerves (emerging from the base of the skull) and the spinal nerves (emerging from the spinal cord)

Answer 14

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 15

The two principal types of cells in the nervous system

Answer 15

Neurons and Neuroglia

Question 16

The basic structural and functional units of the nervous system that carry electrical messages throughout the body

Answer 16

Neurons

Question 17

Assist in transmitting messages between neurons

Answer 17

Neurotransmitters

Question 18

Perform the functions of support and protection. Some form a supporting network by twining around nerve cells or lining certain structures in the brain and spinal cord. Others bind nervous tissue to supporting structures and attach the neurons to their blood vessels.

Answer 18

Neuroglia

Question 19

Cerebr/o

Answer 19

cerebrum

Question 20

encephal/o

Answer 20

brain

Question 21

gli/o

Answer 21

glue, neuroglial tissue

Question 22

mening/o; meningi/o

Answer 22

meniges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord)

Question 23

myel/o

Answer 23

bone marrow; spinal cord

Question 24

neuro/o

Answer 24

nerve

Question 25

-lepsy

Answer 25

seizure

Question 26

-phasia

Answer 26

speech

Question 27

dys-

Answer 27

bad, painful, difficult

Question 28

hemi-

Answer 28

one half

Question 29

para-

Answer 29

near; beside; beyond

Question 30

quadri-

Answer 30

four

Question 31

Degenerative disorder that manifests in adulthood with symptoms of difficulty in swallowing and talking, dyspnea, muscle weakness, and paralysis; also called Lou Gehrig disease (named after the baseball player who became afflicted with ALS)

Answer 31

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Question 32

Progressive, irreversible deterioration of mental function marked by memory impairment and, commonly, deficits in reasoning, judgement, abstract thought, comprehension, learning, task execution, and use of language

Answer 32

dementia

Question 33

Chronic, organic brain syndrome characterized by death of neurons in the cerebral cortex and their replacement by microscopic "plaques," which results in dementia that progresses to complete loss of mental, emotional, and physical functioning and personality changes

Answer 33

Alzheimer disease

Question 34

Disorder that results from the generation of electrical signals inside the brain, causing recurring seizures in which some people simply stare blankly for a few seconds during a seizure, whereas others have extreme convulsions

Answer 34

epilepsy

Question 35

Inherited, degenerative disease of the CNS with symptoms developing in middle age as nerve cells in the brain waste away, resulting in uncontrolled bizarre movements, emotional disturbances, and mental deterioration

Answer 35

Huntington chorea

Question 36

Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain that is most common in neonates, but can also occur in adults as a result of injury or disease; if left untreated, causes an enlarged head and cognitive decline

Answer 36

hydrocephalus

Question 37

Progressive degenerative disease of the CNS characterized by inflammation, hardening, and loss of myelin throughout the spinal cord and brain, which produces weakness and other muscular symptoms

Answer 37

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 38

Malignant tumor composed mainly of cells resembling neuroblasts that occurs most commonly in infants and children

Answer 38

neuroblastoma

Question 39

Nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior

Answer 39

neurosis

Question 40

Partial or complete loss of motor function; also called paralysis

Answer 40

palsy

Question 41

Facial paralysis on one side of the face as a result of inflammation of a facial nerve

Answer 41

Bell

Question 42

Bilateral, symmetrical, nonprogressive motor dysfunction and partial paralysis, which is usually caused by damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth trauma but can also be hereditary

Answer 42

cerebral

Question 43

Loss of muscle function, loss of sensation, or both as a result of spinal cord injury

Answer 43

paralysis

Question 44

Progressive neurological disorder caused by a neurotransmitter deficiency (dopamine) that affects the portion of the brain responsible for controlling movement and results in hand tremors, uncontrollable head nodding; shuffling gait; and difficulty talking, swallowing, or completing simple tasks

Answer 44

Parkinson disease

Question 45

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

Answer 45

poliomyelitis

Question 46

Mental disorder marked by loss of contact with reality; often with delusions and hallucinations

Answer 46

psychosis

Question 47

Severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve, which travels from the hip to the foot

Answer 47

sciatica

Question 48

Chronic viral disease in which painful blisters appear on the skin along the course of a peripheral nerve that is caused by inflammation secondary to herpes zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox; also called herbs zoster

Answer 48

shingles

Question 49

Congenital neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal canal through which the spinal cord and meninges may or may not protrude

Answer 49

spina bifida

Question 50

Most common and least severe form of spina bifida without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges

Answer 50

spina bifida occulta

Question 51

Most severe type of spina bifida that involves protrusion of the meninges (meningocele), spinal cord (myelocele), or both (meningomyelocele)

Answer 51

spina bifida cystica

Question 52

Inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to the brain due to a clot or ruptured blood vessel (hemorrhage), which allows brain tissue to die and becomes a medical emergency; also called cerebrovascular accident

Answer 52

stroke

Question 53

Interruption in blood supply to the brain that does not cause permanent brain damage but may be an indication of a higher risk of a more serious and debilitating condition (stroke); also called ministroke

Answer 53

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Question 54

Laboratory test that examines a sample of CSF obtained from a lumbar puncture, which is analyzed for the presence of blood, bacteria, and malignant cells as well as for the amount of protein and glucose present

Answer 54

cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)

Question 55

Electrodes are placed on the scalp to record electrical activity within the brain; used to evaluate seizure and sleep disorders, and periods of unconsciousness, monitor brain surgeries, and determine whether a person is in a coma or brain dead

Answer 55

electroencephalography

Question 56

Insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column to withdraw a sample of CSF used for biochemical, microbiological, and cytological laboratory analysis; also called spinal tap or spinal puncture

Answer 56

lumbar puncture

Question 57

Surgical procedure that creates an opening in the skull to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures

Answer 57

craniotomy

Question 58

Partial destruction of the thalamus to treat psychosis or intractable pain

Answer 58

thalamotomy

Question 59

Excision of a circular disk of bone using a specialized saw called a trephine to reveal brain tissue during neurosurgery, or to relieve intracranial pressure (ICP)

Answer 59

trephination

Question 60

Produce partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness

Answer 60

anesthetics

Question 61

Produce complete loss of feeling with loss of consciousness

Answer 61

general

Question 62

Produce loss of feeling and affects a local area only

Answer 62

local

Question 63

Prevent or control seizures

Answer 63

anticonvulsants

Question 64

Reduce signs and symptoms associated with Parkinson disease

Answer 64

antiparkinsonian agents

Question 65

Alter neurotransmitters in the brain to alleviate symptoms of delusions and hallucinations

Answer 65

antipsychotics

Question 66

Dissolve blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis

Answer 66

thrombolytics

Question 67

A neuropathic pain syndrome that involves the facial area stimulated by the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). Results in flashes of pain radiating along the course of the nerve and is the most common cause of facial pain

Answer 67

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN)

Question 68

Creates a lesion on the nerve to block the pain signals

Answer 68

Gamma Knife

Question 69

Severe injuries to the spinal cord that result in impairment of spinal cord function below the level of injury

Answer 69

Vertebral fractures

Question 70

Result of trauma caused by motor vehicle accidents, fall, diving in shallow water, or accidents associated with contact sports

Answer 70

Spinal cord injuries

Question 71

Paralysis of the lower portion of the body and both legs

Answer 71

paraplegia

Question 72

Paralysis of all four extremities and, usually, the trunk

Answer 72

quadriplegia

Question 73

Increased muscular tension and hyperactive reflexes

Answer 73

spastic

Question 74

Loss of reflexes of tone

Answer 74

flaccid