Endocrine System Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
What is the endocrine system?
A
A collection of glands from around the body
2
Q
What is a gland responsible for?
A
Manufacturing, storing and releasing at least 1 specific hormone
3
Q
Hormones r involved in regulating what 4 things
A
Metabolism
Growth
Reproductive function
Body’s stress response
4
Q
How do hormones get to their target
A
Through bloodstream
5
Q
Hormones control processes that require speed of action or duration of action
A
Duration of action
6
Q
What mechanism controls homeostasis/ the activity of hormones?
A
Negative feedback mechanism
7
Q
Name this hormone secretion pattern
A
Constant secretion pattern
8
Q
Name this hormonal secretion pattern
A
Episodic secretion pattern
9
Q
Name this hormonal secretion pattern
A
Diurnal secretion pattern
10
Q
What does it mean if a tumours functioning?
A
Too much hormone secreted
11
Q
What does it mean if a tumours non functioning?
A
Destroys glands and too little hormone secreted
12
Q
What’s hypersecretion of a hormone?
A
Too much secretion of hormone
13
Q
What is hyposecretion of a hormone?
A
Too little hormone secreted
14
Q
Name the 2 endocrine glands in the head
A
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
15
Q
Name the two different types of gland in the neck
A
4 parathyroid glands and thyroid gland
16
Q
Name two different glands in the abdomen
A
2 adrenal glands and the pancreas
17
Q
Name the glands in the female pelvis
A
2 ovaries
18
Q
Name the glands in the male perineum
A
2 testes
19
Q
Name this section
A
Diencephalon
20
Q
Name this structure
A
Thalamus
21
Q
Name this structure
A
Hypothalamus
22
Q
Name this structure
A
Midbrain
23
Q
Name this structure
A
Pons
24
Q
Name this structure
A
Medulla
25
Name this structure
Spinal cord
26
Name this structure
Brainstem
27
Name this structure
Pituitary gland
28
Name this structure
Infundibulum
29
Name this structure
Posterior lobe
30
Name this structure
Anterior lobe
31
Name this structure
Sphenoid bone
32
What r the two hormones produced by the posterior pituitary lobe?
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
33
What does oxytocin do, 3 things?
1. Ejection of breast milk
2. Stimulated uterine contraction in childbirth
3. Social bonding
34
What does vasopressin do?
Aids water retention
35
What is the name of the portal system for the endocrine system
Hypophyseal portal system
36
What r the two different types of hormone that hypothalamic neurons secrete?
Releasing hormones
Release-inhibitory hormones
37
What do releasing hormones do?
Stimulate the anterior pituitary to release its hormone(s) into the blood stream
38
What do release-inhibitory hormones do?
Prevent the anterior pituitary releasing hormone(s) into the blood stream
39
Anterior pituitary cells secrete either what 6 things?
1. Growth hormone (GH)
2. Prolactin
3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
4. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
5. Luteinising hormone (LH)
6. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
40
How does the hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the rest of the body?
- Hypothalamus neurons release hormones
- Hypophyseal portal veins
- Anterior pituitary gland releases hormones
- Hypophyseal portal veins
- Superior vena cava
41
Name this structure
Epiglottis
42
Name this structure
Hyoid bone
43
Name this structure
Thyroid cartilage
44
Name this structure
Cricoid cartilage
45
Name this structure
Larynx
46
Name this structure
Right lobe of thyroid gland
47
Name this structure
Left lobe of thyroid gland
48
Name this structure
Isthmus
49
The thyroid gland uses what to manufacture hormones?
Iodine
50
The thyroid gland used iodine to manufacture what 2 hormones?
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
51
What 3 things do the thyroid hormones do?
Regulate metabolism
Stimulate growth
Used in development of the nervous system
52
Name this structure
Epiglottis
53
Name this structure
Hyoid bone
54
Name this structure
Thyroid cartilage
55
Name this structure
Right parathyroid glands
56
Name this structure
Trachea
57
Name this structure
Left parathyroid glands
58
Name this structure
Cricoid cartilage
59
What does the parathyroid hormone do?
Controls the amount of Calcium in blood and bone
60
Name this structure
Left superior thyroid artery
61
Name this structure
Left Carotid artery
62
Name this structure
Arch of the aorta
63
Name this structure
Right subclavian artery
64
Name this structure
Right inferior thyroid artery
65
Name this structure
Left internal jugular vein
66
Name these structures
Right superior, middle and inferior veins
67
Name this structure
Superior vena cava
68
What r the two anatomically and functionally distinct parts of the pancreas?
Endocrine pancreas
Exocrine pancreas
69
What does the endocrine pancreas do, give an example?
Manufacture various hormones
Insulin secreted into the blood in response to islet of langerhans cells detecting increased blood glucose
70
What does the exocrine pancreas do?
Manufactures digestive enzymes and secreted them via a duct system into the duodenum
71
What r the two types of diabetes mellitus, explain?
Type 1: failure to produce insulin
Type 2: target cells fail to respond to insulin
72
Name this structure
Bile duct
73
Name this structure
Pancreatic duct
74
Name this structure
Major duodenal papilla
75
Where is the pancreas relative to the peritoneum?
Retroperitoneal
76
Where is the pancreas relative to the vertebra?
Overlying L1/L2 vertebra
77
Where is the pancreas relative to the stomach
Posterior
78
What is the pancreas anterior to?
aorta And inferior vena cava
79
Where is the pancreas between?
Duodenum and spleen
80
Where does arterial blood supply to the pancreas come from? 2 things
Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
81
Name this structure
Coeliac trunk
82
Name this structure
Superior mesenteric artery
83
Where does venous blood from the pancreas drain into? 3 things
Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein then portal vein
84
Where r the adrenal glands in relation to peritoneum
Retroperitoneal
85
Where r the adrenal glands in relation to the kidneys
Superior to kidneys
86
What separates the adrenal glands from the kidneys?
Fascial septum
87
What r the two anatomical and functional parts of the adrenal glands which secrete hormones?
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
88
What 3 hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete?
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens
89
What 2 hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
90
Name this structure
Inferior vena cava
91
Name this structure
Aorta
92
Name this structure
Coeliac trunk
93
Name this structure
Superior mesenteric artery
94
Name this structure
Left superior suprarenal arteries
95
Name this structure
Left middle suprarenal artery
96
Name this structure
Left inferior suprarenal artery
97
Name this structure
Renal artery
98
Name this structure
Inferior vena cava
99
Name this structure
Left suprarenal vein
100
Name this structure
Left renal vein
101
Name this structure
Right suprarenal vein
102
Where r the testes located?
In the scrotum of the male perineum
103
Where is the arterial supply to the testes from?
Abdominal aorta
104
What does the testes secrete in response to leutinising hormone from the anterior pituitary gland
Testosterone
105
What does testosterone control? 3 things
Male secondary sex characteristics
Closure of epiphyseal growth plates
Stimulates sperm production
106
Name this structure
Gonadal artery and veins
107
Name this structure
Testes
108
Name this structure
Scrotum
109
Where do the overies lie?
In the pelvic cavity
110
What do the ovaries secrete in response to FSH & LH from the anterior pituitary?
Oestrogen and progesterone
111
What does progesterone do?
Prepared the uterus for pregnancy
112
What does oestrogen control? 2 things
Female secondary sex characteristics
Ovum development
113
Name this structure
Gonadal artery and veins
114
Name this structure
Ovary
115
Name this structure
Broad ligament of the uterus
116
Name this structure
Uterus
117
The gonadal arteries branch off the what?
Abdominal aorta
118
Name this structure
Gonadal arteries
119
Where does the right gonadal vein drain to?
Directly into the inferior vena cava
120
Where does the left gonadal vein drain into?
The left renal vein
121
Name these structures
Right and left gonadal vein
