Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
What structures are included in the endocrine glands?
A
- pituitary
- thyroid
- parathyroid
- adrenal glands
- pineal glands
2
Q
What are 4 functions of hormones?
A
- help regulate
- chemical composition and vol of internal environment
- metabolism and energy balance
- contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibres
- glandular secretions
- immune activities
- control growth and development
- regulate operation of reproductive systems
- help establish cardiac rhythms
3
Q
ns vs es mediator molecules
A
ns:
- neurotransmitters released locally in response to nerve impulses
es:
- hormones delivered to tissues throughout body by blood
4
Q
ns vs es site of mediator action
A
ns:
- close to site of release, at synapse; binds to receptors in postsynaptic membrane
es:
- far from site of release; binds to receptors on or in target cells
5
Q
ns vs es types of target cells
A
ns:
- muscle (smooth, cardiac, and skeletal) cells
- gland cells
- other neurons
es:
- cells throughout body
6
Q
ns vs es time to onset of action
A
ns:
- typically within milliseconds
es:
- seconds to hours or days
7
Q
hormone action
A
- affect only specific target cells that have the specific protein receptors to bind to a given hormone
- either lipid-soluble (steroids, thyroid hormones and nitric oxide) or water-soluble (modified amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
- secretion is controlled by signals from the ns, blood chemistry and other hormones
