Endocrine system Flashcards
Encompasses a group of tissues that release hormones into circulation for travel to and action on distant targets
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
typically a ductless gland (e.g.pituitary, thyroid) that releases its hormones into capillaries that permeate the tissue these glands are richly supplied with blood
Endocrine tissue
regulate a multitude of biologic processes in virtually all tissues
Hormones control
act on their target cells by binding to receptors located on the cell surface
Protein/Polypeptide Hormones
derivatives of cholesterol and include products of the adrenal cortex, ovaries, and testes as well as the related molecule, vitamin D
Steroid Hormones
made by chemical modification of amino acids, mainly tyrosine.
Modified Amino Acid Hormones
link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland responsible for the regulation of certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system.
HYPOTHALAMUS
stimulates FSH, LH release (adenohypophysis)
Gonadotropin-RH
stimulates TSH release (adenohypophysis)
Thyrotropin-RH
stimulates ACTH release (adenohypophysis)
Corticotropin-RH
stimulates GH release (adenohypophysis)
Growth Hormone-RH
somatostatin; inhibits GH release (adenohypophysis)
GH-inhibiting hormone
dopamine; Inhibits prolactin release (adenohypophysis)
Prolactin-IH
stimulates uterine contraction, milk let-down (uterus, mammary glands)
Oxytocin
vasopressin; conserves water, reduces urine volume (kidney); constricts vessels to raise blood pressure (arterioles)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
stimulates cortical development, glucocorticoid release (adrenal cortex)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
stimulates follicular development (ovary), sperm development (testes)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
somatotropin; Promotes growth in immature animals; metabolic effects on carbohydrate, lipid, protein metabolism in adults
Growth hormone (GH)
lutropin; stimulates ovulation, development of corpus luteum, secretion by corpus luteum (ovary), secretion of androgens (testes)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
stimulates release of thyroid hormones (follicular cells of thyroid gland)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
promotes lactation (mammary gland), maternal behavior (central nervous system
Prolactin (PRL)
essential for normal response to stress; important roles in protein, carbohydrate metabolism (multiple organs including liver)
Glucocorticoids
aldosterone; conserve Na, eliminate K (kidney)
Mineralocorticoids
Action (Target Tissue or Organ) (on Adrenal Gland)
Adrenal Medulla Hormones
