Endocrine System

Question 1

What is “Hormone”

Answer 1

Chemical messenger that are secreted by endocrine cells in to the bloodstream of the body

Question 2

What is “Target Organ”

Answer 2

Certain cells or organs that play a role to be affected by a patient

Question 3

When is prostaglandins produced

Answer 3

When there is any cellular damage in the cell

Question 4

Effects of prostaglandins on blood pressure

Answer 4

Increases blood pressure by acting as a vasoconstrictors

Question 5

How are Hormones secreted

Answer 5

Hypothalamus hormones stimulate anterior pituitary gland to secrete hormones

Question 6

How are hormones released

Answer 6

Anterior pituitary gland hormones stimulate other endocrine organs to release hormones

Question 7

What happens once hormones reach their final target glands

Answer 7

They send feedback to their anterior pituitary glands to inhibit the release of hormones

Question 8

Humoral stimuli: How are hormones stimulated

Answer 8

By a change in ions/based on blood level

Question 9

Where do endocrine glands secrete into

Answer 9

The blood

Question 10

What do exocrine glands secrete

Answer 10

Gastric Juices

Question 11

Where is the pituitary gland found

Answer 11

Hanging from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus

Question 12

What are the 2 lobes of pituitary glands

Answer 12

Anterior and posterior pituitary glands

Question 13

What does Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) do

Answer 13

Stimulated by dehydration, causes kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine

Question 14

What does Oxytocin do

Answer 14

Birth hormone, stimulated by uterine contractions to help induce labour, stop post-partum bleeding, and trigger let down of breast milk

Question 15

What is Tropic Hormone

Answer 15

Hormones that stimulate other target endocrine glands to secrete its own hormones

Question 16

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Follice-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 16

Stimulates follicle development in ovaries to produce estrogen
stimulates testicles for sperm development

Question 17

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 17

Triggers ovulation of an egg + ruptured follice to produce progesterone

Question 18

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 18

Stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol

Question 19

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 19

Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroxine

Question 20

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 20

Causes breast milk development + helps breast development

Question 21

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 21

Stimulates protein synthesis to start bone + tissue + muscle growth

Question 22

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones: Pineal Gland

Answer 22

Secretes melatonin, sleep trigger hormone
Hangs from 3rd ventricle of the brain

Question 23

What hormones does the Thyroid gland produce

Answer 23

Calcitonin and TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)

Question 24

What is hyperthyroidism

Answer 24

Low hormone production; weight gain, low blood pressure, dizziness, dry skin etc

Question 25

What is hypothyroidism

Answer 25

High Hormone production, opposite effect of hyperthyroidism

Question 26

What is the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Answer 26

Most important hormone responsible for increasing blood Ca2+ levels

Question 27

What type of hormone is PTH

Answer 27

Hypercalcaemia hormone

Question 28

What does calcitonin do

Answer 28

Decreases above normal blood calcium concentration

Question 29

What type of hormone is calcitonin

Answer 29

Hypocalacaema hormone

Question 30

What does PTH do

Answer 30

It increases below normal blood calcium concentration

Question 31

How does PTH increase calcium concentration

Answer 31

By stimulating osteoclast activity, activation of vitamin D and stimulating kidneys to absorb more calcium

Question 32

When is the Thymus Gland active

Answer 32

During child birth

Question 33

What does the Thymus gland produce

Answer 33

Thymosin

Question 34

What are the 2 parts of Adrenal glands

Answer 34

Adrenal medulla (neural) + adrenal cortex (glandular)

Question 35

Adrenocortical Hormones: Mineralocorticoid

Answer 35

Regulates sodium + potassium concentrations in blood

Question 36

Adrenocortical Hormones: Glucocorticoids

Answer 36

Promotes the breakdown of fats + proteins by cells; to produce glucose

Question 37

Adrenocortical Hormones: Sex hormones

Answer 37

Stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics

Question 38

Adrenocortical Hormones: Adrenal medulla

Answer 38

Secretes catecholamines, enhances and prolongs the effects of neurotransmitters of sympathetic nervous system

Question 39

The Pancres

Answer 39

Dual-function gland

Question 40

What do exocrine glands secrete

Answer 40

secretes digestive/gastric juice

Question 41

What do endocrine glands secrete

Answer 41

Secretes Hormones

Question 42

What hormones do the pancreas release

Answer 42

Insulin and glucagon

Question 43

What does insulin do

Answer 43

Lowers high blood sugar

Question 44

What does glucagon do

Answer 44

Increases low blood sugar

Question 45

What are Gonads

Answer 45

Hormones of the ovaries

Question 46

What do gonads produce

Answer 46

estrogen and progesterone

Question 47

Which gland stimulates gonads

Answer 47

GnRH from the anterior pitutary

Question 48

What does estrogen do

Answer 48

Stimulates the development of secondary sex characteristics in the female Stimulates changes in uterine line - menstrual cycle

Question 49

What do Progesterone do

Answer 49

Promotes implantation of fertilized ovum in the uterine lining produced by corpus luteum of the ovary

Question 50

Most important testes hormone

Answer 50

Testosterone