Nervous System

Question 1

Ganglia

Answer 1

Small collections of cell bodies

Question 2

Tracts

Answer 2

Bundles of nerve fibers running through the CNS

Question 3

White matter

Answer 3

Contains dense collections of myelinated fibers (tracts)

Question 4

Gray matter

Answer 4

Contains mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies

Question 5

Sensory Input

Answer 5

Uses sensory receptors to monitor changes (stimuli) inside and outside the body, gathered information

Question 6

Integration

Answer 6

Processes and interprets the sensory input, decides what should be done at each moment

Question 7

Motor Output

Answer 7

The response/effect caused by integration, activated by activating muscles or glands

Question 8

Structural Classification subdivisions

Answer 8

Central Nervous System (CNS), Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)

Question 9

Functional Classification subdivisions

Answer 9

PNS: Sensory division, Motor division

Question 10

PNS: Sensory Divison

Answer 10

Nerves that convey impulses to the central nervous system from the sensory receptors

Question 11

PNS: Motor Divison

Answer 11

Carries impulses from the CNS to effector organs, muscles and glands

Question 12

Somatic Nervous system

Answer 12

Motor subdivision, Allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles

Question 13

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 13

Motor subdivison, Regulates events that are involuntary (activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands)

Question 14

CNS Neuroglia

Answer 14

“Nerve Glue”, include cells that support neurons

Question 15

Astrocytes

Answer 15

Helps protect neurons from harmful substances that may be in blood

Question 16

Microglia

Answer 16

Phagocytes that monitor health of nearby neurons, dispose of debris such as dead brain cells and bacteria

Question 17

Ependymal cells

Answer 17

Line central cavities of the brain and the spinal cord, Participate in the production of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 18

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 18

Wraps flat extensions tightly around CNS nerve fibers producing Myelin Sheath

Question 19

Schwann cells

Answer 19

From myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the PNS

Question 20

Satellite cells

Answer 20

Acts as protective cushioning cells for peripheral neuron cell bodies

Question 21

Synaptic Cleft

Answer 21

Seperates axon terminal from next neuron/targetted by tiny gap

Question 22

Synapse

Answer 22

Functional junction where an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another

Question 23

Neurilemma

Answer 23

Part of the schwann cell external to the myelin sheath

Question 24

Neuron Functional Classification: Sensory Neurons

Question 25

Resting Potential

Answer 25

The plasma of a resting/inactive neuron is polarized, less positive ions sitting on inner face than outer face of plasma membrane

Question 26

Depolarization

Answer 26

Stimulus causes sodium channels to open, sodium ions flood the cell

Question 27

Graded Potential

Answer 27

a local electrical situation, locally inside is more positive and outside less positive

Question 28

Action Potential

Answer 28

The impulse signal initiated by graded potential and sodium influx transmitted

Question 29

Repolarization

Answer 29

Membrane becomes impermeable to sodium ions, potassium ions rapidly diffuse in and out of neuron into interstitial fluid, outflow of positive ions from cell restores electrical conditions of membrane to the polarized/resting state

Question 30

Hyperpolarization

Answer 30

A change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative. It is the opposite of a depolarization

Question 31

Meninges