Digestive System

Question 1

What is the function of the mouth

Answer 1

Mastication occurs

Question 2

What is the Pharynx

Answer 2

Passageway for food fluid and air

Question 3

Nasopharynx

Answer 3

Passageway for air from nasal cavity

Question 4

Oropharynx

Answer 4

Where food enters first, posterior to oral cavity

Question 5

Laryngopharynx

Answer 5

Inferior to the oropharynx, continues to the esophagus by propulsion of peristalsis

Question 6

Laryngopharynx skeletal muscles

Answer 6

Longitudinal outer layer
Circular inner layer

Question 7

What is peristalsis

Answer 7

The involuntary contraction and relaxation of longitudinal and circular muscles throughout the digestive tract

Question 8

What is the Esophagus

Answer 8

Passageway for food and fluids

Question 9

What is the esophagus made of

Answer 9

Stratified Squamous Epithelium lining to help against friction

Question 10

How does the esophagus push food into the stomach

Answer 10

Uses peristalsis to conduct slow rhythmic squeezing for bolus to reach stomach

Question 11

What does the stomach do

Answer 11

Churns and chemically breaks down food into chime
Beigns Protein to amino acid breakdown

Question 12

Lesser Omentum

Answer 12

Double layer of peritoneum, extends from liver to lesser curvature

Question 13

Greater Omentum

Answer 13

Extension of the peritoneum
Covers, insulates, cushions and protects abdominal organs

Question 14

What allows the stomach to stretch

Answer 14

Rugae in mucosal layer

Question 15

Cardial Region

Answer 15

Near the heart
Surrounds cardioesophageal sphincter

Question 16

Fundus region

Answer 16

Expanded portion
Lateral to cardiac region

Question 17

Body Region

Answer 17

Greater curvature is the convex lateral surface
Lesser curvature is concave medial surface

Question 18

Pylorus Region

Answer 18

Funnel-shaped terminal end

Question 19

Greater and lesser curvature

Question 20

What is pepsinogen

Answer 20

Inactive protein digesting enzyme
Secreted by chief cells

Question 21

How is pepsinogen activated

Answer 21

HCL exposure turns pepsinogen into pepsin allowing for protein digestion

Question 22

What is intrinsic factor

Answer 22

A substance needed for vitamin b12 absorption
Secreted by chief cells

Question 23

What do parietal cells produce

Answer 23

Hydrochloric acid ( HCL)

Question 24

What do Mucous neck cells produce

Answer 24

Thin acidic mucus

Question 25

What do enteroendocrine cells prodcude

Answer 25

Gastric - regulates digestive acitivity

Question 26

Where does the small intestine start

Answer 26

At the pyloric sphincter

Question 27

Where does the small intestine end

Answer 27

At the ileocecal valve at the large intestine

Question 28

Layers of the mucosal lining walls

Answer 28

Villi Microvilli Circular folds Peyers patch

Question 29

What does Villi contain

Answer 29

Contains capillary beds and lacteral

Question 30

Microvilli

Answer 30

From the plasma membrane Contains enzymes that complete digestion of proteins + carbohydrates

Question 31

Circular folds

Answer 31

Increase surface area to force chyme to travel slow and allow nutrient absorption

Question 32

Peyer's Patch

Answer 32

Prevents food residue from causing bacterial infections

Question 33

3 Segments of the small intestine

Answer 33

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 34

What happens in the duodenum

Answer 34

Chemical digestive begins Enzymes produced by intestinal cells + pancreas sent through pancreatic duct Liver bile is sent through bile duct

Question 35

What is hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 35

Formed by the pancreatic dict and the common bile duct that leads to the duodenum

Question 36

What does Jejunum contain

Answer 36

All plicae circulares and villi Absobs all the nutrients from digested (sugars, amino and fatty acids)

Question 37

Ileum

Answer 37

Contains villi to absorb vitamin b12 and bile acids Reabors missed nutrients by the jejunum

Question 38

Compartments of the large intestine stool formation: Ascending Colon 1st Segment

Answer 38

Travels up right side of abdomen and turn at right colic Formation of stool is watery, water absorption begins

Question 39

Compartments of the large intestine stool formation: Transverse Colon 2nd Segment

Answer 39

Travels across abdominal cavity, turns at left colic Stools have started becoming semi-solid

Question 40

Compartments of the large intestine stool formation: Descending Colon 3rd segment

Answer 40

Travels down left side, stores feces to be sent to sigmoid colon Stools have solidified

Question 41

Compartments of the large intestine stool formation: Sigmoid Colon 4th segment

Answer 41

S-Shaped tube connecting from descending colon to the rectum Muscular walls contract to assist moving feces to rectum

Question 42

Compartments of the large intestine stool formation: Rectum

Answer 42

Temporary storage site for feces Walls expand to hold

Question 43

Rectum Spincters: Internal anal sphincter

Answer 43

Ensures that stools do not backflow into colons Involuntary

Question 44

Rectum Sphincters: External anal sphincter

Answer 44

Partners with internal sphincter to help muscle contraction to start defecation Voluntary

Question 45

Compartments of the large intestine stool formation: Anus

Answer 45

End of anal canal, feces released from here after defecation

Question 46

Walls of digestive tract: Mucosa

Answer 46

Innermost layer, moist mucus that lines hollow cavity

Question 47

Walls of digestive tract: Submucosa

Answer 47

Vascular connective tissue with blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves Contains peyer patches

Question 48

Walls of digestive tract: Muscularis

Answer 48

Muscle layer, allows for peristalsis

Question 49

Layers of the muscularis

Answer 49

Longitudial outer layer Circular inner layer

Question 50

Walls of digestive tract: Serosa

Answer 50

Covers the organs in the cavity, contains fluid producing cells