Endocrine System

Question 1

The endocrine system is composed of __________ that secrete hormones (chemical messengers) into the internal body.

Answer 1

ductless glands

Question 2

Hormones released by the ductless glands of the endocrine system act on very specific receptors of ___________.

Answer 2

target cells

Question 3

The hormones produced by the endocrine system help regulate ___________.

Answer 3

metabolic processes

Question 4

Do hormones produced by the endocrine system have longer effects than the nervous system?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

When hormones are secreted by the endocrine system they pass through ____________ into the bloodstream.

Answer 5

membranes

Question 6

Is hormone secretion in the endocrine system precisely regulated?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

Hormones secreted by the endocrine system are continually excreted in ________ and broken down by certain enzymes.

Answer 7

urine

Question 8

Name the 2 main types of hormones.

Answer 8

steroids (lipid)
peptides (protein)

Question 9

What type of hormone is a complex, ring shaped lipid molecule derived from cholesterol?

Answer 9

steroid (lipid)

Question 10

Steroid-type hormones enter the nucleus of target cells to __________.

Answer 10

activate genes

Question 11

Activation of genes by hormones is also called…..

Answer 11

direct gene activation

Question 12

What type of hormone involves
larger molecules that bind to receptors on the target cell membrane without entering
cell?

Answer 12

peptide (protein)

Question 13

Peptide (protein) hormones cause second messengers within cells to make ___________.

Answer 13

functional changes

Question 14

In the endocrine system, what within the cell initiates molecular reactions that change the physiological state of the cell?

Answer 14

second messengers

Question 15

Are hormones first or second messengers of the endocrine system?

Answer 15

first

Question 16

What is the name of the 3rd type of hormone category that can also be a neurotransmitter?

Answer 16

biogenic amine

Question 17

What category of hormones includes epinephrine, norepinephrine and thyroid hormone?

Answer 17

biogenic amine

Question 18

Biogenic amines are made of…..

Answer 18

modified amino acids

Question 19

Do many biogenic amines function in the nervous system as neurotransmitters?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

What 2 systems control blood levels of hormones?

Answer 20

negative feedback systems
positive feedback systems

Question 21

Does the negative feedback or positive feedback system control most hormones?

Answer 21

negative feedback system

Question 22

Which feedback system controls only a few hormones?

Answer 22

positive feedback system

Question 23

Within the negative feedback system blood hormone levels vary within a _________ desirable range.

Answer 23

narrow

Question 24

In which feedback system is hormone release decreased when hormone level is high in the blood?

Answer 24

negative feedback system

Question 25

Which feedback system allows for great range of variation in hormone blood levels?

Answer 25

positive feedback system

Question 26

In what feedback system is hormone release increased when hormone level is high in the blood?

Answer 26

positive feedback system

Question 27

What brain structure regulates most endocrine activity?

Answer 27

hypothalamus

Question 28

The hypothalamus regulates the _________ gland.

Answer 28

pituitary

Question 29

The hypothalamus sends a chemical stimulus to the ____________

Answer 29

anterior pituitary

Question 30

Hypothalamic releasing hormones stimulate the synthesis and release of ______________

Answer 30

pituitary hormones

Question 31

Hypothalamic inhibiting hormones shit off the synthesis and release of _________

Answer 31

pituitary hormones

Question 32

What is another name for the pituitary gland?

Answer 32

hypophysis

Question 33

What organ is a two-lobed organ in the brain that secretes nine major hormones?

Answer 33

pituitary gland

Question 34

Which pituitary gland lobe is the posterior lobe and the infundibulum?

Answer 34

neurohypophysis

Question 35

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is made of....

Answer 35

neural tissue

Question 36

The infundibulum of the pituitary gland is the......

Answer 36

stem

Question 37

What lobe of the pituitary gland receives, stores, and releases 2 hormones from the hypothalamus?

Answer 37

neurohypophysis

Question 38

What is the name of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Answer 38

adenohypophysis

Question 39

What lobe of the pituitary gland is made up of glandular tissue?

Answer 39

adenohypophysis

Question 40

What lobe of the pituitary gland synthesizes and secretes 7 hormones that regulate other endocrine glands?

Answer 40

adenohypophysis

Question 41

What is the largest endocrine gland?

Answer 41

thyroid

Question 42

Which endocrine gland is located in the anterior neck?

Answer 42

thyroid

Question 43

The thyroid hormone, the body's major metabolic hormone, secreted by the thyroid gland consists of......

Answer 43

T3 & T4

Question 44

The thyroid is stimulated by the _________ through the anterior pituitary gland.

Answer 44

hypothalamus

Question 45

What hormone stimulates the thyroid?

Answer 45

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 46

What structure is located on the posterior side of the thyroid gland?

Answer 46

parathyroid gland

Question 47

What hormone is released by the parathyroid glands?

Answer 47

parathyroid hormone (PTH) aka. parathormone

Question 48

What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) aka. parathormone?

Answer 48

regulation of blood calcium

Question 49

What is the parathyroid gland stimulated by?

Answer 49

low blood calcium levels

Question 50

What hormone stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone and move calcium to the blood?

Answer 50

parathyroid hormone (PTH) aka. parathormone

Question 51

What hormone stimulates the kidneys to prevent calcium loss in the urine?

Answer 51

parathyroid hormone (PTH) aka. parathormone

Question 52

What hormone stimulates the intestines to absorb calcium from food?

Answer 52

parathyroid hormone (PTH) aka. parathormone

Question 53

What endocrine structure is a paired, pyramid-shaped organ on top of the kidneys that deal with stress?

Answer 53

adrenal glands

Question 54

The cortex of what organ produces corticosteroids that control sugar, salt, and sex hormone levles?

Answer 54

adrenal glands

Question 55

The medulla of the adrenal glands produces what 2 hormones?

Answer 55

adrenaline (epinephrine) noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

Question 56

What endocrine organ is located posterior to the stomach?

Answer 56

pancreas

Question 57

What, within the pancreas, produces hormones to modify blood sugar?

Answer 57

pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)

Question 58

What is the pancreas simulated by?

Answer 58

sugar levels within the blood

Question 59

What other (5) organ groups secrete additional hormones (aside from the major endocrine organs)?

Answer 59

reproductive organs digestive organs cardiovascular organs lymphatic organs urinary organs

Question 60

Do organs of the reproductive, digestive, cardiovascular, lymphatic, and urinary organs help regulate blood contents, blood pressure, sexual development/functions, immune functions, digestive functions, metabolism, etc.?

Answer 60

yes

Question 61

What gland is also known as the "master gland"?

Answer 61

pituitary gland