Special Senses

Question 1

What function gives information about the internal and external environment?

Answer 1

senses/sensory information

Question 2

Sensory information is detected by ________ and sent to the ______.

Answer 2

receptors, brain

Question 3

What 2 forms does sensory information come in?

Answer 3

general and special sensory information

Question 4

Touch, pressure, pain, stretch and temperature is a form of what sensory information?

Answer 4

general sensory information

Question 5

Taste, smell, sight, hearing and balance is a form of what sensory information?

Answer 5

special sensory information

Question 6

Sensory receptors have ___________ fields.

Answer 6

receptive

Question 7

What do you call the area of distribution of sensitive ends of the receptor?

Answer 7

receptive field

Question 8

There is an _________ relationship between field
size and the ability to identify the stimulus
location

Answer 8

inverse

Question 9

If the receptive sensory field is _______, precise location is determined easily.

Answer 9

small

Question 10

If the field is _________: only the general region
can be determined

Answer 10

broad

Question 11

What often exists as individual cells or
receptor units in the sensory complex.

Answer 11

general sense organs

Question 12

Are general sense organs widely distributed?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

What general sense organs detect pain, temperature and pressure?

Answer 13

free nerve endings

Question 14

What general sense organs detect light touch and discriminative touch?

Answer 14

tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscle

Question 15

What general sense organs detect deep pressure?

Answer 15

bulbous (Ruffini’s) corpuscle

Question 16

What general sense organs detect pressure and vibration?

Answer 16

lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle

Question 17

What general sense organs detect light pressure and vibration?

Answer 17

(Krause’s) end bulbs

Question 18

What general sense organs detect light touch?

Answer 18

tactile (Merkel) discs

Question 19

Are special sense organs large and complex?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

What sensory organs have localized grouping of specialized receptors?

Answer 20

special sense organs

Question 21

Name the 5 special senses.

Answer 21

Gustation (taste)
Olfaction (small)
Vision (sight)
Heating (audition)
Equilibrium (balance and acceleration)

Question 22

What do you call the sense of taste?

Answer 22

gustation

Question 23

What special sense works with olfaction?

Answer 23

gustation

Question 24

What types of cells are taste receptors located in specialized organs?

Answer 24

gustatory cells

Question 25

Taste buds contain what kinds of cells to allow for gustation?

Answer 25

gustatory cells

Question 26

How many gustatory cells are found in taste buds?

Answer 26

~40 per taste bud

Question 27

Taste buds lie alongside epithelial projections called __________.

Answer 27

papillae

Question 28

How many types of papillae are found in the epithelial projections that lie alongside taste buds?

Answer 28

4

Question 29

What special sense involves mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors that provide information about texture and temperature?

Answer 29

gustation

Question 30

What type of tongue papillae is made of short spikes on anterior 2/3 of tongue that lack taste buds?

Answer 30

filiform papillae

Question 31

What type of tongue papillae detect food texture and manipulate food?

Answer 31

filiform papillae

Question 32

What type of tongue papillae blocklike projections on tip and sides of tongue that have a few taste buds?

Answer 32

fungiform papillae

Question 33

What type of large papillae come in a V formation on the posterior surface of the tongue that contain most of the taste buds?

Answer 33

vallate papillae

Question 34

What type of tongue papillae extend as ridges on the lateral tongue?

Answer 34

foliate papillae

Question 35

What type of tongue papillae only contains a few taste buds and is found only during childhood?

Answer 35

foliate papillae

Question 36

What are the 5 taste sensations?

Answer 36

sweet salty sour bitter umami

Question 37

Organic compounds, such as sugar are processed by what taste senation?

Answer 37

sweet

Question 38

Metal ions, such as sodium or potassium are processed by what taste sensation?

Answer 38

salt

Question 39

Acids, such as hydrogen ions in vinegar are processed by what taste sensation?

Answer 39

sour

Question 40

Alkaloid substances, such as unsweetened chocolate, nicotine, and caffeine are processed by what taste sensation?

Answer 40

bitter

Question 41

Savory substances with a meaty or cheesy flavor; related to amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate are processed by what taste sensation?

Answer 41

umami

Question 42

_________ lines the superior region of the nasal cavity.

Answer 42

Yellowish olfactory epithelium

Question 43

Can humans distinguish one odor among thousands?

Answer 43

yes

Question 43

How often are olfactory receptor cells replaced every _______ days by basal cells?

Answer 43

40-60

Question 44

What receptor cells detect dissolved odor molecules?

Answer 44

olfactory receptor cells

Question 44

Are olfactory receptors extremely sensitive?

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

Are olfactory receptors easily adaptable (fatigue easily)?

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

What do you call the "white" of the eye?

Answer 46

sclera

Question 47

What do you call the transparent covering over iris?

Answer 47

cornea

Question 48

What do you call the mucous membrane covering the sclera (except the cornea)?

Answer 48

conjunctiva

Question 49

What do you call the structure that contains tear-producing cells?

Answer 49

lacrimal gland

Question 50

What do call the eye chamber containing watery fluid?

Answer 50

aqueous humor

Question 51

What do you call the colored part of the eye containing the pupil?

Answer 51

iris

Question 52

What do you call the transparent body behind the pupil that focuses light on the retina?

Answer 52

lens

Question 53

What eye structure is the chamber of gel-like fluid that causes the eye to be a round shape?

Answer 53

vitreous humor

Question 54

What eye structure is the innermost layer of the eye containing photoreceptors that detect light?

Answer 54

retina

Question 55

What structure in the retina detects grayscale lightwaves?

Answer 55

rods

Question 56

What structure in the retina detects color lightwaves?

Answer 56

cones

Question 57

What eye structure lacks photoreceptors, so it cannot form an image?

Answer 57

optic disc

Question 58

What eye structure contains the fovea centralis, which forms the sharpest color images?

Answer 58

macula lutea

Question 59

Are images in vision a single point?

Answer 59

no

Question 60

Image information consist of ________ numbers of individuals points.

Answer 60

large

Question 61

In vision the image is ____________ and _________; brain compensates learned from experience.

Answer 61

inverted, reversed

Question 62

How many ear region are there?

Answer 62

3

Question 63

Name the 3 regions of the ear.

Answer 63

external ear, middle ear, inner ear

Question 64

What ear structure funnels sound waves into the canal to the tympanic membrane?

Answer 64

external ear

Question 65

The external ear is filled with....

Answer 65

air

Question 66

What ear structure transmits and amplifies sound waves?

Answer 66

middle ear

Question 67

What ear structure connects tot he nasopharynx through the auditory tube?

Answer 67

middle ear

Question 68

The middle ear is filled with....

Answer 68

air

Question 69

What ear structure has the cochlea which creates nerve impulses in response to sound waves that move cochlear hair cells?

Answer 69

inner ear

Question 70

The inner ear is filled with....

Answer 70

fluid

Question 71

What ear structure allows air pressure to equalize on both side of the tympanic membrane for optimal hearing?

Answer 71

auditory tube

Question 72

In the ears receptors in the fluid-filled __________ detect rotation and acceleration.

Answer 72

semicircular canals

Question 73

In the ears, fluid movement pushes on hair cells that respond by creating __________.

Answer 73

nerve impulses

Question 74

Is vision is important to maintaining equilibrium?

Answer 74

yes