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MCAT > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

FSH

A

Peptide
Anterior Pituitary
Stimulates follicle maturation in females.
Stimulates spermatogenesis in males.

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2
Q

LH

A

Peptide
Anterior Pituitary
Stimulates ovulation in females.
Stimulates testosterone synthesis in males.

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3
Q

ACTH

A

Peptide
Anterior Pituitary
Stimulates adrenal cortex –> glucocorticoids

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4
Q

TSH

A

Peptide
Anterior Pituitary
Stimulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormones

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5
Q

Prolactin

A

Peptide
Anterior Pituitary
Stimulates milk production and secretion

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6
Q

Endorphins

A

Peptide
Anterior Pituitary
Decrease sensation of pain; can promote euphoria

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7
Q

GH

A

Peptide
Anterior Pituitary
Stimulates bone and muscle growth; raises blood glucose levels

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8
Q

ADH

A

Peptide
Posterior Pituitary
Stimulates water reabsorption by increasing permeability of collecting duct

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9
Q

Oxytocin

A

Peptide
Posterior Pituitary
Stimulates Uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation; may promote bonding behavior

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10
Q

T3 and T4

A

Amino Acid derivatives
Follicular cells
Stimulate metabolic activity

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11
Q

Calcitonin

A

Peptide
Parafollicular cells
Decreases blood calcium concentrations

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12
Q

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

A

Peptide
Parathyroid
Increases blood calcium concentrations

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13
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

i.e. cortisol and cortisone
Steroid
Adrenal Cortex
Increase blood glucose concentrations; decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory

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14
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

i.e. aldosterone
Steroid
Adrenal Cortex
Increase water reabsorption by increasing sodium reabsorption; promote potassium and hydrogen ion excretion

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15
Q

Epi and norepi

A

Amino Acid derivatives
Adrenal medulla
Increase blood glucose and heart rate; dilate bronchi; alter blood flow patterns

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16
Q

Glucagon

A 
Peptide
Alpha cells (pancreas)
Stimulates glycogen break down (glycogenolysis); increases blood glucose
17
Q

Insulin

A

Peptide
Beta cells (pancreas)
Lowers blood glucose and increases anabolic processes

18
Q

Somatostatin

A

Peptide
Gamma cells (pancreas)
Suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin

19
Q

Testosterone

A

Steroid
Testis (and adrenal cortex)
Develops and maintains male reproductive system and male secondary sex characteristics

20
Q

Estrogen

A 
Steroid
Ovary (and placenta)
Develops and maintains female reproductive system
21
Q

Progesterone

A 
Steroid
Ovary (and placenta)
Promotes maintenance of endometrium
22
Q

Melatonin

A

Peptide
Pineal gland
Involved in circadian rhythm

23
Q

Erythropietin

A

Peptide
Kidney
Stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes

24
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide

A

Peptide
Heart (atria)
Promotes salt and water excretion

25
Q

Thymosin

A

Peptide
Thymus
Stimulates T-cell development

MCAT (19 decks)

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