ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 1

branch of physiology dealing with coordination of various body tissues by chemical mediators produced by restricted ares of the body and transported the circulatory system to the organ or tissue on which they exert their effects.

Answer 1

ENDOCRINOLOGY

Question 2

substance or chemical mediator produced by the endocrine glandsand secreted into the bloodstream

Answer 2

HORMONE

Question 3

Classification of hormones according to composition:

Answer 3

1. polypeptides
2. glycoproteins
3. amines
4. steroids

Question 4

each less than 100 amino acids long

ex. insulin - helps control glucose levels in the blood

Answer 4

1. polypeptides

Question 5

a polypeptide chain, longer than 100 amino acids;
attached to carbohydrate
ex. FSH and LH

Answer 5

2. glycoproteins

Question 6

hormones derived from amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan

Answer 6

3. amines

Question 7

lipids derived from cholesterol

ex. corticosteroids secretes from adrenal glands

Answer 7

4. steroids

Question 8

essential component of endocrine system

Answer 8

hypothalamus

Question 9

functions of hypothalamus

Answer 9

1. control of autonomic NS
2. reception of sensory impulses from viscera
3. intermediary between NS and ES
4. control of body temp.
5. regulation of body intake
6. thirst center
7. part of limbic system - emotios such as rage and agression
8. part of reticular formation

Question 10

3 lobes of pituitary gland or hypophysis

1. anterior -
2. intermediate -
3. posterior -

Answer 10

1. anterior - adenohypophysis
2. intermediate - pars intermedia
3. posterior - neurohypophysis

Question 11

with two lobes connected by isthmus, bridge of tissues; maintains levels metabolism in the tissues optimal for the normal function;
secretes T4 and T3

Answer 11

thyroid gland

Question 12

T4

Answer 12

thyroxine

Question 13

T3

Answer 13

triiodothyronine

Question 14

increases the basal metabolic rate of an individual

Answer 14

T4 thyroxine

Question 15

stimulates the oxygen consumption and most of cells in the body, and helps regulate lipid and carbohydrates metabolism

Answer 15

T3 triiodothyronine

Question 16

body wasting, nervousness, excess heat production

Answer 16

excess thyroid secretion

Question 17

caused by thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI)

Answer 17

grave’s disease (exopthalamic disorder)

Question 18

simple goiter; lack of thyroxine secretion due to iodine deficiency in the diet

Answer 18

hypothyroidism

Question 19

located near the thyroid gland
produces paratyhroid hormone (PTH)
stimulates tha calcitonin secretion in the thyroid gland in response to the increasing Ca level in the blood.

Answer 19

parathyroid gland

Question 20

increases the level of Ca in the blood by mobilization of Ca from the bones, and enhancement of Ca and P absorption from intestinal tract ( urinary phospahate exretion)

Answer 20

(PTH) Parathyroid hormone

Question 21

lowers Ca level

Answer 21

calcitonin

Question 22

2 division of adrenal gland

Answer 22

1. adrenal cortex

2. adrenal medulla

Question 23

located at the anterior part of the kidney

Answer 23

adrenal gland

Question 24

hormones of adrenal cortex

Answer 24

1, glucocorticoids - cortisol

                         - cortisone
                         - corticosterone 2. aldosterone

Question 25

hormones of adrenal medulla

Answer 25

1, epinephrine (adrenalin) | 2. noephinephrine

Question 26

secreted by zona fasciculate and zona reticularis | stimulates glycogenolysisand gluconeogenesis

Answer 26

glucocorticoids

Question 27

secreted by zona glomerulosa regulates mineral metabolism and water balance; regulates soduim metabolism by reabsorbing sodium from kidney tubules

Answer 27

aldosterone

Question 28

emergency hormone, increase heart rate, vasoconstriction

Answer 28

epinephrine (adrenalin)

Question 29

maintenance of blood pressure

Answer 29

noephinephrine

Question 30

located at the duodenal loop of small intestine

Answer 30

pancreas

Question 31

function of pancreas as exocrine gland:

Answer 31

acinar cells secrete pancreatic juices w/ digestive enzymes

Question 32

function of pancreas as edocrine gland:

Answer 32

islets of langerhans alpha and beta cells produce 2 diffrent hormones

Question 33

produces insulin w/c stimulates entry of glucose into the cells for metabolism anabolic process: lowering blood glucose levels increasing storage of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids.

Answer 33

beta cells

Question 34

excess insulin

Answer 34

hypoglycemia

Question 35

lack of insulin

Answer 35

diabetes mellitus

Question 36

produces glucagon w/c stimulates glycogenolysis catabolic process: increasing blood glucose levels mobilizing glucose, fatty acids and amino acids into the bloodstream

Answer 36

alpha cells

Question 37

excess glucagon

Answer 37

worsens diabetes

Question 38

lack of glucagon

Answer 38

can also cause hypoglycemia

Question 39

male gonad

Answer 39

testes

Question 40

produce nale gametes w/c is sperm | produces hormone testosterone for the devt of male chracteristics

Answer 40

testes

Question 41

female gonad

Answer 41

ovary

Question 42

produces female gametes w/c is ova

Answer 42

ovary

Question 43

produces estrogen, progesterone, relaxin

Answer 43

ovary

Question 44

produces hormone testosterone for the devt of male chracteristics

Answer 44

testes

Question 45

to enhance female receptivity during estrus, development of accessory esx glands (mammary gland)

Answer 45

estrogen

Question 46

from corpus luteum to maintain pregnancy and to develop alveoli of mammary gland

Answer 46

progesterone

Question 47

for the relaxation of the cervix during parturition

Answer 47

relaxin