Endocrine System Flashcards
(51 cards)
what are the differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system?
Nervous system effects muscles and glands only effects postsynaptic cells chemical messengers are neurotransmitters chemicals travel a short distance receptors are in the plasma membrane they are fast short-lived (milliseconds)
Endocrine systems effects pretty much all tissues effector cells are target cells chemical messengers are hormones secreting cells are granular epithelial cells chemicals travel long distances receptors are in plasma membranes and inside cell they are slow effects are long lasting
how are nervous systems and endocrine systems the same
they both act as messaging systems (sending messages to maintain homeostasis)
they function to communicate, integrate and control
chemicals bond to specific receptors to cause a change in the target cells
T or F
endocrine system works with nervous system
true
T/F
there are few glads of the endocrine system in the body
false
what are some endocrine glads made of?
neurosecretory tissue
what are endocrine glands made out of?
glandular epithelium
what do endocrine glands do?
they release hormones into the blood to travel to specific target cells with hormone specific receptors
T/F endocrine glands produce hormones as needed
false, endocrine glands produce more hormone molecules than needed
what happened to unused hormones?
they are excreted by the kidneys or broken down by metabolic processes
what are the general principles of hormone action?
- Different hormone receptor interactions produce different regulatory changes with the target cell through chemical reactions (can have the same hormone that has slightly different impacts on different types of cells)
- Cells can have many different types of receptors: one cell can be the target of different hormones
- Most hormones have primary effects that directly regulate target cells
what are the different classifications of hormones according to function?
tropic
sex hormones
anabolic
what are tropic hormones?
growth hormones
target other endocrine glands to stimulate their growth and secretion
what do sex hormones do?
target reproductive tissues
what to anabolic hormones do?
builds
stimulate the production of complex molecules in target cells
how do hormones signal a cell?
by binding to the target cells specific receptors in a “lock and key mechanism”
T/F
hormones can act on any receptor
false
hormones can only act on specific receptors.
the space of the receptor determines which hormone can react with it
what are the two classifications of hormones based on chemical structure?
steroid/lipid hormones
non steroid hormones
what is the structure of. a steroid hormone?
it is synthesized from cholesterol, it is lipid soluble
what is the structure of a non steroid hormone?
synthesized primarily from amino acids (example protein hormones, glycoprotein)
what is the action of a steroid hormone?
regulates gene expression to protein synthesis
what is the action of a non steroid hormone?
triggers intracellular 2nd messenger pathway to activate protein
are steroids or non steroids stored in secretory cell?
non steroid, since as soon as they are made, they can easily escape the membrane
do steroid or non steroid hormones have a receptor fixed in the plasma membrane?
non steroid
do steroid or non steroid hormones have a receptor mobile in the cytoplasm or nucleus?
steroid