Endocrine System Flashcards
(20 cards)
In females, the _____ influences estrogen secretion in the ovaries while in males, it influences sperm cell production in the testes.
A) Follicle-stimulating hormone.
B) Luteinizing hormone
C) Growth hormone
D) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone is released from the anterior pituitary gland. It influences follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in the ovaries. In males, this hormone influences sperm cell production in the testes.
Luteinizing hormone is produced from the anterior pituitary gland. It is responsible for ovulation and the production of progesterone in the ovaries. In males, it regulates the synthesis of testosterone and supports sperm cell production in the testes.
Growth hormone (GH) is also known as somatotropin. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and is responsible for stimulating the growth of most tissues, promoting protein synthesis, and decreasing protein breakdown. Due to its effect on the epiphyseal plates of bones, growth hormones play a role in determining the height of a person.
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is released from the anterior pituitary gland. It is responsible for increasing melanin production in melanocytes, resulting in a darker skin color.
A blood pH of 7.55 is classified as:
A) Alkalinic
B) Acidic
C) Normal
D) Average
Alkalinic
Normally, the neutral pH of blood is 7. The normal range would be from 7.35-7.45. Anything lower than 7.35 would be called acidosis, a state where there is an abnormally acidic blood pH. Contrarily, anything above 7.45 would be called alkalosis, a state where there is an abnormally alkalinic blood pH. Changes in blood pH can be influenced by a variety of factors such as vomiting and functions of the other body systems.
Which hormone is responsible for ovulation and production of progesterone in the ovaries of females?
A) Luteinizing hormone
B) Oxytocin
C) Somatotropin
D) Prolactin
Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone is produced from the anterior pituitary gland. It is responsible for ovulation and the production of progesterone in the ovaries. In males, it regulates the synthesis of testosterone and supports sperm cell production in the testes.
Oxytocin, a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, is responsible for uterine contractions and milk expulsion of the mammary glands in females. Its function in males is not clear yet.
Growth hormone (GH) is also known as somatotropin. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and is responsible for stimulating the growth of most tissues, promoting protein synthesis, and decreasing protein breakdown. Due to its effect on the epiphyseal plates of bones, growth hormones play a role in determining the height of a person.
Prolactin, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is responsible for milk production in lactating women.
In males, the _____ regulates testosterone synthesis and supports sperm cell production in the testes.
A) Luteinizing hormone
B) Oxytocin
C) Growth hormone
D) Prolactin
Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone is produced from the anterior pituitary gland. It is responsible for ovulation and the production of progesterone in the ovaries. In males, it regulates the synthesis of testosterone and supports sperm cell production in the testes.
Oxytocin, a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, is responsible for uterine contractions and milk expulsion of the mammary glands in females. Its function in males is not clear yet.
Growth hormone (GH) is also known as somatotropin. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and is responsible for stimulating the growth of most tissues, promoting protein synthesis, and decreasing protein breakdown. Due to its effect on the epiphyseal plates of bones, growth hormones play a role in determining the height of a person.
Prolactin, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is responsible for milk production in lactating women.
The pituitary gland:
A) Is located on top of the kidneys
B) Is known as the master gland
C) Helps regulate circadian rhythm
D) Secretes melatonin
The pituitary gland is sometimes referred to as the “master gland.” This is because it controls the functions of the other endocrine glands.
Melatonin, which helps regulate the circadian rhythm, is a hormone made by the pineal gland.
The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys.
Which hormone is produced by the thymus?
A) Thymosin
B) Melatonin
C) Insulin
D) Estrogen
Thymosin
Thymosin is produced in the thymus and aids in the development and function of the immune system.
Melatonin comes from the pineal body. It regulates a person’s sleep-wake cycles.
Insulin comes from the pancreas. It is responsible for increasing uptake and use of glucose and amino acids.
Estrogen is produced from the ovaries. It serves several important functions in females such as: a) development and function of the uterine and mammary glands, b) maturation of female genitalia, c) sexual behavior and menstrual cycle, and d) secondary sex characteristics.
Referred to as the “master gland.”
A) Adrenal
B) Thyroid
C) Pituitary
D) Pineal
Pituitary
The pituitary gland is a small endocrine organ, which is located in the center of the skull, just behind the bridge of the nose, is about the size of a pea. It controls a multitude of important functions in the body. It is called the “master gland” because is it directs other organs and endocrine glands, such as the adrenal glands, to suppress or induce hormone production. It is an important link between the nervous system and the endocrine system and releases many hormones which affect growth, sexual development, metabolism, and reproduction.
A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream is which of the following?
A) Exocrine Gland
B) Apocrine Gland
C) Endocrine Gland
D) Lacrimal Gland
Endocrine Gland
Choice A. Exocrine glands release their secretions through ducts.
Choice B. Apocrine glands are a type of sweat glands that can be found primarily in the skin of the armpit, pubic region, and areolae of breasts.
Choice C. Endocrine glands also called ductless glands, secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Example: Adrenal glands
Choice D. Lacrimal glands produce tears to moisten and lubricate the eyes.
This gland is posterior to the sternum:
A) pineal
B) thyroid
C) adrenal
D) thymus
thymus
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the anterior neck.
The thymus gland is located behind the sternum and between the lungs. It is only active until puberty.
The adrenal glands are located on top of both kidneys.
The pineal gland is located behind the third cerebral ventricle in the brain.
Which hormone is responsible for the male secondary sex characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Luteinizing hormone
Testosterone
Estrogen is produced from the ovaries. It serves several important functions in females such as: a) development and function of the uterine and mammary glands, b) maturation of female genitalia, c) sexual behavior and menstrual cycle, and d) secondary sex characteristics. Progesterone also functions like estrogen but does not have influence on sexual behavior.
Testosterone is the male hormone and is produced from the testes. It serves several important functions in males such as: a) aiding in spermatogenesis or production of sperm, b) development of male genitalia, c) sexual behavior, and d) secondary sex characteristics.
Luteinizing hormone is produced from the anterior pituitary gland. It is responsible for ovulation and the production of progesterone in the ovaries. In males, it regulates the synthesis of testosterone and supports sperm cell production in the testes.
These glands sit on the superior surface of the kidneys:
A) pineal
B) thyroid
C) adrenal
D) thymus
adrenal
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the anterior neck.
The thymus gland is located behind the sternum and between the lungs. It is only active until puberty.
The adrenal glands are located on top of both kidneys.
The pineal gland is located behind the third cerebral ventricle in the brain.
_____________ stimulates milk production.
A) Aldosterone
B) Calcitonin
C) Secretin
D) Prolactin
Prolactin
Choice A. Aldosterone is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, specifically from the adrenal cortex. It helps regulate salt and water balance of the body.
Choice B. Calcitonin is a polypeptide produced from the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. It helps regulate calcium levels in the body. Calcitonin decreases the rate of breakdown of bone and also prevents a large increase of blood Calcium levels.
Choice C. Secretin causes the pancreas to make bicarbonate, a base. This neutralizes the amount of acid in the digestive tract. It also helps with maintaining a proper balance of water in the body.
Choice D. Prolactin is a protein produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It stimulates milk production in lactating women.
All of the following are released from the thyroid gland, except:
A) T3
B) T4
C) Parathyroid hormone
D) Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone
The thyroid gland produces the hormones T3, T4 and calcitonin.
The parathyroid hormone is produced by the parathyroid gland.
This gland is located behind the third cerebral ventricle in the brain.
A) pineal
B) thyroid
C) adrenal
D) thymus
pineal
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the anterior neck.
The thymus gland is located behind the sternum and between the lungs. It is only active until puberty.
The adrenal glands are located on top of both kidneys.
The pineal gland is located behind the third cerebral ventricle in the brain.
The pancreas produces which of the following hormones:
A) Estrogen and progesterone
B) Insulin and glucagon
C) Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
D) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Insulin and glucagon
Estrogen and progesterone are produced by the ovaries.
Insulin and glucagon are produced by the pancreas.
Glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), and androgens are produced by the adrenal cortex.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced by the adrenal medulla.
Where is testosterone produced in males?
A) Ovaries
B) Parathyroid gland
C) Testes
D) Thymus
Testes
Testosterone is produced from the testes in males. A small amount of testosterone is produced in the ovaries of females. The adrenal glands also produce a small amount in both sexes.
The ovaries are responsible for producing estrogen and progesterone.
The parathyroid gland releases the parathyroid hormone.
The thymus releases thymosin.
Which of these is not an endocrine gland?
A) Thalamus
B) Thyroid
C) Pancreas
D) Adrenal
Thalamus
The thalamus is located in the brain, plays a role in motor movement and is not part of the endocrine system.
The glands of the endocrine system are:
Hypothalamus Pineal Gland Pituitary Gland Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus Adrenal Pancreas Ovaries Testes
Hormone responsible releasing glucose into the circulatory system.
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Melatonin
D) Thymosin
Glucagon
Glucagon is released from the pancreas. It functions by increasing breakdown of glycogen and releases glucose into the circulatory system.
Insulin comes from the pancreas. It is responsible for increasing uptake and use of glucose and amino acids.
Melatonin comes from the pineal body. It regulates a person’s sleep-wake cycles.
Thymosin is produced in the thymus and aids in the development and function of the immune system.
Which of the following hormones influences a decrease in urine output?
A) Oxytocin
B) Antidiuretic hormone
C) Growth hormone
D) Luteinizing hormone
Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin, a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, is responsible for uterine contractions and milk expulsion of the mammary glands in females. Its function in males is not clear yet.
Antidiuretc hormone or ADH is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. It is responsible for increasing reabsoprtion of water thus, resulting in less water to be lost in the form of urine.
Growth hormone (GH) is also known as somatotropin. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and is responsible for stimulating the growth of most tissues, promoting protein synthesis, and decreasing protein breakdown. Due to its effect on the epiphyseal plates of bones, growth hormones play a role in determining the height of a person.
Luteinizing hormone is produced from the anterior pituitary gland. It is responsible for ovulation and the production of progesterone in the ovaries. In males, it regulates the synthesis of testosterone and supports sperm cell production in the testes.
____ regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland.
A) Pineal gland
B) Hypothalamus
C) Cerebellum
D) Medulla oblongata
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland is a small endocrine gland located on the inside of the brain. It produces melatonin, the hormone that modulates sleep patterns.
The hypothalamus lies at the base of the brain. Aside from regulating body temperature, the hypothalamus serves an important function to link the endocrine and nervous systems. It regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland, the “master gland” of the body.
Cerebellum lies at the back of the brain. Though smaller than the cerebrum, it serves important functions such as in balance, coordination, posture and speech. It is not an endocrine gland.
Medulla oblongata is a part of the brain that is responsible for several functions such as the control of breathing, digestion, sneezing, etc. It is not an endocrine gland.
