Endocrine System

Question 1

1. what is a hormone

Answer 1

chemical messenger

Question 2

name 4 things hormones regulate ?

Answer 2

metablism

growth

reproductive function (pregnancy)

stress response

Question 3

what is the difference between a hormone and a nerve response

Answer 3

the time is longer for a hormone.

Question 4

lable the diagram

glad/ hormone released / target / receptor/ blood stream

Answer 4

Question 5

define homeostasis

temp:

pluse

arterial bp

pH

blood glucose

Answer 5

keeping the physoilogical parameters constant despite external influences.

36.8

70

120/80

7.4

4-8mmol/L

Question 6

what mechanism is used to maintain homeostasis

Answer 6

negative feedback.

Question 7

define endocrine

Answer 7

hormones released into blood stream to distant cell to be affected by it

Question 8

define paracine

Answer 8

chemical signal acts on the neighbouring cell

Question 9

Autocrine

Answer 9

chemical signal acts on the cell that releases it

Question 10

define diurnal secretion

Answer 10

vaires with meals and predictable over time

Question 11

which secretion pattern is helping to maintain phsiology function.

Answer 11

constant secretion pattern

Question 12

what is episodic secretion

Answer 12

reacts to a specific stimulus and less predictable

Question 13

tumour can affect hormone sceretion?

Answer 13

increase by over stimulation of the cells.

destroy the gland therefore decreasing the hormone secreted.

Question 14

lable the diagram with glands

head (2)

neck (2)

abdomen (2)

pelvis (1)

perinenum (1)

Answer 14

Question 15

what is the diencephalon consits of

Answer 15

thalamus and the hypothalamus

Question 16

what 2 hormones does the posterior pituitart gland produce

Answer 16

oxytocin & vasopressin ( ADH)

Question 17

the brain stems has 3 structure

Answer 17

midbrain

pons

medulla

Question 18

name the 3 parts of the pituitary gland?

Answer 18

Question 19

lable the structures of the skull

sphenoid bone

pituitary gland

temporal bone

occipital bone

Answer 19

Question 20

what is the posterior pituitart gland called

Answer 20

neurohypophysis

Question 21

functions of oxytocin

Answer 21

ejection of breast milk

stimualters uterine contractions in child birth

social bonding

Question 22

Vasopressin (ADH)

Answer 22

Aids water retention

Question 23

what runs down the infundibulum?

Answer 23

axons to the posterior pituitary

Question 24

name the 6 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary cells

Answer 24

GH

Prolactin

TSH

ACTH

LH

FSH

Question 25

releaseing hormones/ inhibitory hormones are secreted from

Answer 25

Hypothalamic neurons

Question 26

what does T3 and T4 stand for

Answer 26

Triiodthyronine (T3) Thryroxine (T4)

Question 27

metabolism/ growth are controlled by...

Answer 27

thyroid hormones

Question 28

what is used to manufacture t3/t4

Answer 28

iodine

Question 29

lacking in iron can lead to what effect ?

Answer 29

enlarged goitre (thyroid gland)

Question 30

lable the the diagram with thyriod/ hyoid/ cricoid/ epiglottis/

Answer 30

Question 31

where are the parathyroid glands

Answer 31

behind the thyriod glands

Question 32

what hormone controls the calcuim in the blood and bone

Answer 32

Parathyroid hormones.

Question 33

what detects Calcuim 2+ ions

Answer 33

parathyroid gland

Question 34

lable the structure thyriod arther r/L

Answer 34

Question 35

lable the venous supply of the thyroid/ parathyroid

Answer 35

Question 36

role of the pancrease

Answer 36

**ENDOCRINE**- secretes insuline into blood in response to islets of langerhans cells detecting increassed blood glucose **EXOCRINE**- digestive enzymes via ducts into duodenum

Question 37

type 1: type 2: diabetes

Answer 37

failure to produce insulin target cells fail to respond to insulin

Question 38

At what land marks does the pancrease fit into

Answer 38

retroperitoneum L1/L2 posterior to stomach anterior to aorta and IVC inbetween duodenum and spleen

Question 39

where does the pancrease get the arterial blood supply

Answer 39

coeliac trunk superior mesneteric artery

Question 40

where does the venous blood drain into ?

Answer 40

Spleenic vein & superior mesenteric vein then into hepatic portal vein

Question 41

location of the adrenal gland

Answer 41

top of the kidneys but seperated by fascial septum.

Question 42

name the 2 anatomical and fucntional parts

Answer 42

**adrenal cortext-** glucocorticoids (ACTH control)/ mineralocorticoids /androgens **adrenal medulla-** adrenaline and noadrenaline

Question 43

what is the fuction of : 1. **Glucocorticoids** 2. **Mineralocorticoids** 3. **Androgens**

Answer 43

1. influences metabolic rates of protein/ fats/ sugars 2. regulates salt/ blood volume/ pressure 3. andreogen- male sex hormones

Question 44

lable the structure with the arteries

Answer 44

Question 45

lable the diagram with venous supply

Answer 45

Question 46

where are the testes located

Answer 46

in the scrotum of the male **perineum**

Question 47

where are the inferior parts of the blood supply

Answer 47

spermatic cord

Question 48

what stimulates testosterone secretion

Answer 48

LH & anterior pituitary

Question 49

Testosterone contols what ?(3)

Answer 49

male secondary sex characteristics closures of epiphyseal growth plates stimulates sperm production

Question 50

what is secreted by the ovaries hormones?

Answer 50

oestrogen and progesterone

Question 51

what stimulates oestrogen/ progesterone

Answer 51

FSH/LH from the anterior pituitary

Question 52

what is the fucntions of the progesterone

Answer 52

prepares for uterus for pregnancy

Question 53

what does oestrogen control

Answer 53

female secondary sex characteristics Ovum development

Question 54

what is the name of arteries and veins that supply and drain the gonads of blood

Answer 54

gonadal arteries- from the abdominal aorta venous drainage- right gonadal vein goes to ivc left gonad into the left renal vein