- what is a hormone
chemical messenger
name 4 things hormones regulate ?
metablism
growth
reproductive function (pregnancy)
stress response
what is the difference between a hormone and a nerve response
the time is longer for a hormone.
lable the diagram
glad/ hormone released / target / receptor/ blood stream
define homeostasis
temp:
pluse
arterial bp
pH
blood glucose
keeping the physoilogical parameters constant despite external influences.
36.8
70
120/80
7.4
4-8mmol/L
what mechanism is used to maintain homeostasis
negative feedback.
define endocrine
hormones released into blood stream to distant cell to be affected by it
define paracine
chemical signal acts on the neighbouring cell
Autocrine
chemical signal acts on the cell that releases it
define diurnal secretion
vaires with meals and predictable over time
which secretion pattern is helping to maintain phsiology function.
constant secretion pattern
what is episodic secretion
reacts to a specific stimulus and less predictable
tumour can affect hormone sceretion?
increase by over stimulation of the cells.
destroy the gland therefore decreasing the hormone secreted.
lable the diagram with glands
head (2)
neck (2)
abdomen (2)
pelvis (1)
perinenum (1)
what is the diencephalon consits of
thalamus and the hypothalamus
what 2 hormones does the posterior pituitart gland produce
oxytocin & vasopressin ( ADH)
the brain stems has 3 structure
midbrain
pons
medulla
name the 3 parts of the pituitary gland?
lable the structures of the skull
sphenoid bone
pituitary gland
temporal bone
occipital bone
what is the posterior pituitart gland called
neurohypophysis
functions of oxytocin
ejection of breast milk
stimualters uterine contractions in child birth
social bonding
Vasopressin (ADH)
Aids water retention
what runs down the infundibulum?
axons to the posterior pituitary
name the 6 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary cells
GH
Prolactin
TSH
ACTH
LH
FSH
releaseing hormones/ inhibitory hormones are secreted from
Hypothalamic neurons
what does T3 and T4 stand for
Triiodthyronine (T3)
Thryroxine (T4)
metabolism/ growth are controlled by…
thyroid hormones
what is used to manufacture t3/t4
iodine
lacking in iron can lead to what effect ?
enlarged goitre (thyroid gland)
lable the the diagram with thyriod/ hyoid/ cricoid/ epiglottis/
where are the parathyroid glands
behind the thyriod glands
what hormone controls the calcuim in the blood and bone
Parathyroid hormones.
what detects Calcuim 2+ ions
parathyroid gland
lable the structure
thyriod arther r/L
lable the venous supply of the thyroid/ parathyroid
role of the pancrease
ENDOCRINE- secretes insuline into blood in response to islets of langerhans cells detecting increassed blood glucose
EXOCRINE- digestive enzymes via ducts into duodenum
type 1:
type 2: diabetes
failure to produce insulin
target cells fail to respond to insulin
At what land marks does the pancrease fit into
retroperitoneum
L1/L2
posterior to stomach
anterior to aorta and IVC
inbetween duodenum and spleen
where does the pancrease get the arterial blood supply
coeliac trunk
superior mesneteric artery
where does the venous blood drain into ?
Spleenic vein & superior mesenteric vein
then into hepatic portal vein
location of the adrenal gland
top of the kidneys but seperated by fascial septum.
name the 2 anatomical and fucntional parts
adrenal cortext- glucocorticoids (ACTH control)/ mineralocorticoids /androgens
adrenal medulla- adrenaline and noadrenaline
what is the fuction of :
- Glucocorticoids
- Mineralocorticoids
- Androgens
- influences metabolic rates of protein/ fats/ sugars
- regulates salt/ blood volume/ pressure
- andreogen- male sex hormones
lable the structure with the arteries
lable the diagram with venous supply
where are the testes located
in the scrotum of the male perineum
where are the inferior parts of the blood supply
spermatic cord
what stimulates testosterone secretion
LH & anterior pituitary
Testosterone contols what ?(3)
male secondary sex characteristics
closures of epiphyseal growth plates
stimulates sperm production
what is secreted by the ovaries hormones?
oestrogen and progesterone
what stimulates oestrogen/ progesterone
FSH/LH
from the anterior pituitary
what is the fucntions of the progesterone
prepares for uterus for pregnancy
what does oestrogen control
female secondary sex characteristics
Ovum development
what is the name of arteries and veins that supply and drain the gonads of blood
gonadal arteries- from the abdominal aorta
venous drainage-
right gonadal vein goes to ivc
left gonad into the left renal vein
