Gastrointestinal Renal system

Question 1

label the structure and what they consiste of?

Head: 2

Neck:2

Chest:1

Abdomen: 3

Pelvis: 2

Perineum: 1

Answer 1

Question 2

name the functions of the Oral Cavity? (4)

Answer 2

1. sensation
2. salivation
3. chewing
4. initiating swallowing

Question 3

name the functions of the pharynx? (3)

Answer 3

1. Defence againt infection (tonsil)
2. Swallowing
3. Airways protection

Question 4

name the functions of the oesphagus? (1)

Answer 4

transit from pharynx to the stomach

Question 5

name the functions of the stomach? (3)

Answer 5

1. Transit
2. Defence against infection (acid)
3. Digestion & Absorption

Question 6

Name the functions of the large Intestine & Anus?

Answer 6

1. Transit
2. Reabsorption of water and electrolytes
3. Stool formation
4. Waste excretion

Question 7

Lable the diagram

Answer 7

Question 8

lable the following:

hard palate/ soft palate/ palatine tonsils/

gingiva uvula/ arch of the soft palate.

Answer 8

Question 9

what is mastication? and what does it facilitates ?

Answer 9

process of chewing.

tastes and digestion

Question 10

lable the diagram with

buccinator

Answer 10

Question 11

how do we chew?

Answer 11

opening and closing of the jaw at Temporomandiubular joint

controlled by muscles of mastication.

3 close/ 1 open

Question 12

what are 4 the muscles of mastication?

which open and close?

Answer 12

1. Temporalis (close)
2. Masseter (close)
3. Medial Ptergoid (close
4. Lateral Ptergoid (open)

Question 13

how many teeth does an adult have

Answer 13

32

Question 14

Lable the tongue papillae?

foliate

vallate

fungiform

filiform

and functions

Answer 14

Question 15

how many pairs of extrinsic and intrensic muscles are there ?

Answer 15

4 exterinsic

1 for intrinsic

Question 16

how is being a solute useful to siliva?

what does mucin do?

Answer 16

allows taste

aids swalloiwng & speach/ keeps mucosa moist

Question 17

what enzyme does siliva have for digestion

Answer 17

amylase

Question 18

name the 3 major glands and minor glands.

Answer 18

paratoid

submandiublar

sublingual.

minor glands keep mouth moint from basal secretion.

Question 19

where does the parotid gland secrete to

where does the subandiular gland secrete to

where does the sublingual gland secrete to

Answer 19

upper 2nd molar

secrets via the submandibular duct

several sublingual ducts.

Question 20

where are the muscles for facial expression

Answer 20

superficial fasica and fascial skeleton

Question 21

what is the function of the buccinator muscle in the face ?

Answer 21

tenses the cheek

Align food between teeth

Question 22

what is the function of the orbicularis Oris in the face ?

Answer 22

prevents dribbling during chewing and swallowing as they lie within the lips

Question 23

Lable the 3 parts of the pharynx

Answer 23

Question 24

what is special about the epiglotis

Answer 24

moves posteriorly aiding the closure of laryngeal inlet.

Question 25

how can you reduce the chance of aspiration

Answer 25

by raising the larynx towards the oesophagus.

Question 26

what is the oesophagus and its function

Answer 26

muscular tube. trasmit food/ liquid to stomach.

Question 27

what type of muscle are the 3 layers of anterolateral abdominal wall ?

Answer 27

skeletal muscles

Question 28

lable the diagram

Answer 28

Question 29

out of the 3 muscles... skeletal muscle/ smooth muscle and cardiac muscule which oneis voluntary

Answer 29

skeletal muscle

Question 30

define the peritoneum

Answer 30

serous membrane which secrets lubricating peritoneal fluid into te peritoneal cavity.

Question 31

what is peritonitis?

Answer 31

inflammation of the peritoneum caused by infection.

Question 32

lable the organs (6)

Answer 32

Question 33

name the sphicter between the duodenum abd stomach

Answer 33

pyloric sphincter.

Question 34

what is the functin of the stomach

Answer 34

digestions and defence agaisnt infection.

Question 35

how is the small intestine attached to the body wall?

Answer 35

by the mesentery.

Question 36

name the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 36

duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 37

what is the mesentery? and its function

Answer 37

double layer of the peitoneum. allows passage of nerves/ arteries and veins.

Question 38

where does the Pancreas sit?

Answer 38

in the curved part of the duodenum. faces towards the spleen

Question 39

what are the 2 fucntion of the pancrease

Answer 39

Enodcrine - release hormones into the blood Exocrine - release digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

Question 40

name the duct that pancreas uses to release hormones?

Answer 40

main pancreatic duct

Question 41

fuction of the gallbladder?

Answer 41

store and concentrate bile

Question 42

where is bile produced

Answer 42

liver

Question 43

what is the name of the duct that carrys bile from the liver?

Answer 43

common hepatic duct

Question 44

what is the name of the duct closer to the gallbladder

Answer 44

cystic duct

Question 45

when the liver duct and the duct close to the gallbladder combine it is given a name ...

Answer 45

bule duct (CBD)

Question 46

fucntion fo the liver ?

Answer 46

metabolism of carbohydrates/ lipids/ proteins detoxifies blood

Question 47

what does biliary system include

Answer 47

liver / gallbladder/ biliary tree/ duodenum

Question 48

Large intestine function?

Answer 48

transit water reabsorption & electrolytes Stool formation

Question 49

Large Intestine and small intestine are connected by what junction?

Answer 49

**ileocecal valve** is a sphincter muscle valve that separates the small intestine and the large intestine

Question 50

lable the diagram with: caecum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon appendix

Answer 50

Question 51

rectum and the anal are made up of what muscle

Answer 51

smooth muscle

Question 52

the sphincter is made from mucle group name it ? and why

Answer 52

skeletal muscle for control

Question 53

what organs are in the foregut? (4)

Answer 53

Oesophagus to mid duodenum Liver + gall bladder Spleen 1/2 of pancreas

Question 54

what organs are in the midgut?

Answer 54

mid duodenum to proximal 2/3 of trans colon 1/2 pancreas

Question 55

what organs are in the hindgut

Answer 55

distal 1/3 of the transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of anal canal.

Question 56

**name the 3 branches** of the **abdnominal aorta** support that supply the **foregut/ midgut/ hindgut**

Answer 56

**Coeliac Trunk (foregut)** **Superior mesenteric artery (midgut organs)** **Inferior mesenteric artery (hindgut)**

Question 57

inferior mesenteric vein drains what ?

Answer 57

hindgut via the splenic vein

Question 58

what drains the midgut

Answer 58

super mesenteric vein

Question 59

splenic vein drains

Answer 59

foregut

Question 60

what all links to the hepatic portal vein

Answer 60

Superior mesenteric vein+ Inferior mesenteric vein + Splenic vein

Question 61

Portal venous system drains from ?

Answer 61

GI tract and assoicted organs- spleen and the pancreas

Question 62

what is the type of blood is absored from the portal venous system?

Answer 62

de-oxygentated and nutrient- rich

Question 63

systemic venous system drains de-oxygenated from the...

Answer 63

rest of the rest of the boyd

Question 64

1. Food and Liquid consumed 2. Transported through ... 3. Mainly absorbed by ... 4. Taken up by ... system blood 5. Received and processed by the ... 6. Transported to the ... by systemic circulation 7. Pumped round the body by the ...

Answer 64

1. Food and Liquid consumed 2. Transported through GI tract 3. Mainly absorbed by small intestine 4. Taken up by portal system blood 5. Received and processed by the liver 6. Transported to the heart by systemic circulation 7. Pumped round the body by the heart

Question 65

what is homeostasis

Answer 65

maintenance of the body’s internal environment

Question 66

Renal system function

Answer 66

maintaining blood ph and pressure control Fluid & electrolytes balance removal of waste/ drugs stimulate red blood cell production needed for calcium absorption

Question 67

what organ produces urine which is passed down the urinary tract.

Answer 67

Kidney

Question 68

how many parts does the uriniary tract have ? name them?

Answer 68

4 kidney ureter bladder urethra

Question 69

where do the kidneys sit? and why

Answer 69

retroperitoneum

Question 70

lable the picture: kidney/ ureter/ bladder/ urethra

Answer 70

Question 71

what is the position of the kidneys

Answer 71

right kidney- L1-L3 becuase of the liver pushing down on it Left kidney T12-L2

Question 72

name 7 things the protect the kidneys

Answer 72

1. retroperitoneum 2. vertebral column 3. ribs 4. skeletal muscles- back/ antero- lateral abdominal wall/ posterior abdominal wall 5. rennal deep fascia 6. Paranephric (outside) & perinephric fat 7. renal capsule

Question 73

lable this with: **Parietal peritoneum/ paraneprhic fat/ renal deep fascia/ perinephric fat/ renal capsule**

Answer 73

Question 74

lable this: **artery and vein**

Answer 74

Question 75

lable the internal stucture of the kidney ## Footnote **renal papilla/renal cortex/ renal capsule/ renal medula**

Answer 75

Question 76

what 2 things do kidneys consist of

Answer 76

cortex and medulla

Question 77

what is this structure and lable it ? ## Footnote **renal corpuscle/ proximal convoluted tubule/ Loop of henle/ distal convoluted tuble/ collecting duct**

Answer 77

Question 78

how is urine drained ?

Answer 78

nephron collecting ducts --\> minor calyx --\> major calyx --\> renal pevis --\> ureter

Question 79

diamater of the tubes increase until what junction?

Answer 79

pelviureteric junction

Question 80

what is micturiation

Answer 80

urination via urethra

Question 81

what smooth muscle contracts during micturitaion

Answer 81

Detrusor muscle

Question 82

lable the structure: Ureters /Ureteric orifices/ /Trigone /Neck bladder /Urethra /Apex

Answer 82

Question 83

name the muscle that encircle ureteric orifices ? what is the function of it?

Answer 83

detrusor muscle fibres prevents reflux of urine into the ureters.

Question 84

internal urethral sphincter function ?

Answer 84

prevents ejaculatory reflux. only in males.

Question 85

there are 2 sphinctes in the uerthral name ? mention which is controllable

Answer 85

internal uerthal sphincter (involuntary) external urethral sphincter (voluntary)

Question 86

females are prone to UTI why ?

Answer 86

urethra is shot/ destensible/ opens into the vestibule

Question 87

Lable this: **bladder /urethra/ internal urethral orifice/ external urethral orifice/ external urethral sphincter**

Answer 87

Question 88

name the 3 bilateral arteries that branch of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 88

adrenal arteries renal arteries gonaldal arteries

Question 89

how many segments branch from each renal arter

Answer 89

5 to supply nephrons

Question 90

what is different about the left renal vein

Answer 90

has to cross the aorta to empty into the IVC

Question 91

name the 4 veins of the renal system and where the drain?

Answer 91

right renal vein: IVC right gonadal vein : IVC left renal vein: IVC but longer to travel to drain left gonadal vein: drains into the left renal vein