Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A micro ANA II (theory) > Endocrine system slides (90, 86, 87) > Flashcards

Endocrine system slides (90, 86, 87) Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Figure 86/A-B. Pituitary gland
A: : Parts of the pituitary gland and thehypothalamo-hypophyseal tracts
-> Identify 1 -> 5

A
  1. posterior lobe, neurohypophysis
  2. pars intermedia
  3. anterior lobe, adenohypophysis
  4. pars distalis
  5. pars tuberalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Figure 86/A-B. Pituitary gland
A: : Parts of the pituitary gland and thehypothalamo-hypophyseal tracts
-> Identify 11 -> 15

A
  1. tuberoinfundibular tract
  2. median eminence
  3. infundibular recess
  4. hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
  5. infundibulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Figure 86/A-B. Pituitary gland
A: : Parts of the pituitary gland and thehypothalamo-hypophyseal tracts
-> Identify 6 -> 10

A
  1. optic chiasm
  2. supraoptic nucleus
  3. paraventricular nucleus
  4. tuberal nuclei
  5. tuber cinereum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Figure 86/A-B. Pituitary gland
B: The portal circulation
-> Identify

A

1/ posterior lobe, neurohypophysis
2/ pars intermedia
4/ pars distalis
5/ pars tuberalis
11/ tuberoinfundibular tract
12/ median eminence
14/ hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
16/ inferior hypophyseal artery
17/ cavernous sinus
18/ portal veins
19/ superior hypophyseal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 parts of the hypophysis?

A

1) Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) (3)
2) Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 parts of the hypophysis?

A

1) Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) (3)
2) Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adenohypophysis
-> The pars intermedia (2) is situated between ___ and ____

A

the pars distalis and the neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) (3) Is composed of the pars distalis (4), the pars tuberalis (5) and the pars intermedia (2)
=> All these develop from ____

A

Rathke’s pouch (placod ectoderm diverticulum).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary), which part has the largest proportion?

A

Pars distalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the embryological origin of Neurohypophysis?

A

Derived from the floor of the diencephalon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> identify 1 -> 4

A
  1. posterior lobe, neurohypophysis
  2. pars intermedia
  3. anterior lobe, adenohypophysis
  4. pars distalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> identify 20 -> 27

A
  1. chromophobe cell
  2. connective tissue
  3. acidophil cell
  4. basophil cell
  5. sinusoid capillary
  6. cyst of Rathke
  7. basophil cells of the
    pars intermedia b
  8. pituicytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland

Adenohypophysis, pars distalis (3, 4): endocrine epithelial cells form ____

A

anastomosing cords or clumps which are surrounded by a rich network of sinusoid capillaries (24).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland

Adenohypophysis, pars distalis (3, 4): endocrine epithelial cells form anastomosing cords or clumps which are surrounded by a rich network of sinusoid capillaries (24).
=> A fine meshwork of ____ supports the parenchyma.

A

connective tissue fibres (21)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland

-> The secretory cells of the parenchyma have been classified according to their staining characteristics.
-> What are the 2 classifications?

A
  • chromophils (which are stained well) and
  • chromophobes (20) (which are not stained).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> Adenohypophysis, pars distalis (3, 4)
-> The chromophils are subdivided into two groups which are ___

A
  1. acidophils (22) (80%) and
  2. basophils (23) (20% of chromophils)

(due to their affinity for acidic and basic dyes.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> Do Chromophobes (20) produce hormone?

A

NO!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
- Additionally, the pars intermedia contains small cystic spaces called _____

A

follicles or cysts of Rathke (25)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> Acidophil cells (22) are stained pinkish (their secretory granules are stained with eosin) and are slightly smaller than the basophils.
-> These cells produce ___ (2 hormones)

A

somatotropin (GH) and prolactin (LTH).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> Basophil cells (23) are larger than acidophils and exhibit variable round polyhedral or angular shapes.
-> Their secretory granules are stained ___ (acidophilic/basophilic), hence they appear grey-blue in the specimen.

A

basophilic!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> Basophil cells (23) are larger than acidophils and exhibit variable round polyhe dral or angular shapes. Their secretory granules are stained basophilic, hence they appear grey-blue in the specimen.
=> Name 4 hormones that basophil cells produce

A

They produce thyrotropin (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotropin [ACTH).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> The pars intermedia (2) is characterized by ___ (which type of cells?)

A

Basophilic cells (26) (stained blue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> The pars intermedia (2)
-> The cells can produce __ (Name of hormone?)

A

They form irregular cellular strands and clumps and produce
melanotropin (MSH).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
- Additionally, the pars intermedia contains small cystic spaces called _____

A

follicles or cysts of Rathke (25)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland - e pars intermedia contains small cystic spaces called follicles or cysts of Rathke (25), filled with ___
homogeneously stained colloid.
26
Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland - The pars intermedia contains small cystic spaces called follicles or cysts of Rathke (25) -> The follicles are lined by ____
low cuboidal cells, representing the residuum of the Rathke's pouch.
27
Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland - The neurohypophysis (1) contains ____
Numerous non-myelinated nerve fibres (axons) of neurosecretory cells (their cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus, in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei).
28
Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland - The neurohypophysis (1) -> Name their 2 hormones
1. Oxytocin 2. vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone, ADH)
29
Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland - The neurohypophysis (1) -> heir hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone, ADH) are transported by ____
axonal flow Into the neurohypophysis where they are stored in the large axon terminals, known as Herring bodies.
30
Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland - The pars intermedia contains small cystic spaces called follicles or cysts of Rathke (25) -> The follicles are lined by ____
low cuboidal cells, representing the residuum of the Rathke's pouch.
31
Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland - The neurohypophysis (1) -> Herring bodies (not seen with H-E) are in touch with ___; the hormones are released into the blood.
capillaries
32
Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland The neurosecretory nerve fibres are supported by ____
pituicytes (27).
33
Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland -> What are pituicytes (27)?
special glial ceils with branching processes (only their oval, pale nucleus can be seen). -> They probably regulate the storage and release of hormones.
34
90. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E) -> identify
1. pinealocy 2. acervulus 3. connective tissue septum 4. capillary 5. interstitial cell
35
90. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E) -> A very characteristic feature of the aging pineal gland Is the presence of basophilic (dark blue) extra cellular bodies called ____
pineal sand or acervulus or brain sand (2)
36
90. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E) -> Where is the pineal recess?
the pineal recess (the caudal extension of the third ventricle) is between the habenular and the posterior commissures
37
90. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E) -> Pineal recess is lined by ___
ependymal (simple cuboidal or columnar) cells.
38
90. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E) -> Pineal body produces ___
melanotonin - the antagonist of MSH
39
90. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E) -> What is the role of melanotonin?
It Inhibits the hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonad system and regulates the dally (circadian) rhythm.
40
90. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E) -> A very characteristic feature of the aging pineal gland Is the presence of basophilic (dark blue) extra cellular bodies called pineal sand or acervulus or brain sand (2) (always visible on the specimens) consisting of ____
concentric layers of calcified material.
41
90. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E) -> Pineal recess is the caudal extension of ___
The third ventricle
42
(90)Pineal body (gland) (epiphysis cerebri) (HE) -> Identify
E-Ependyma. H-Habenular commissure. C-Posterior commissure. P-Pia matter. *-Pineal recess.
43
(90)Pineal body (gland) (epiphysis cerebri) (HE)
1)pinealocytes. 2)acervulus (brain sand). 3)C.T septum. 4)capillary. 5)interstitial cell (glial). E-Ependyma. H-Habenular commissure. C-Posterior commissure. M-Mesencephalon. P-Pia matter. *-Pineal recess.
44
Pineal body (gland) (epiphysis cerebri) (HE)

G - Glial cell BS - Brain sand CT - connective tissue C - Capillary Cap - capsule F - Fibroblast V - Vein
45
Pineal body (gland) (epiphysis cerebri) (HE)

G - glial cell BS - Brain sand F - Fibroblast Cap - capsule CT - connective tissue L - Lobule v - vein A - artery
46
86)Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Identify
1. Adenohypophysis 2. Pars intermedia 3. Neurohypophysis
47
86)Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Adenhypophysis (Anterior pituitary) -> Identify
PD)pars distalis.
48
86)Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Adenhypophysis (Anterior pituitary) -> Identify
1)acidophil. 2)basophil 3)chromophobe. S)sinusoid (extensive network that receives hormones from acidophils and basophils).
49
Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Identify
PD - pars distalis PI - pars intermedia PN - pars nervosa Cl - cleft Cap - Capillary Caps - capsule
50
Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Identify
B - basophils A - acidophils Cap - Capillary C - Chromophobes
51
Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Identify
B - Basophil C - chromophobes
52
Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Identify
PD - pars distalis PI - Pars intermedia PN - pars nervosa Cy - cysts
53
Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Identify
A - acidophils B - basophils C - chromophobes Cap - Capillaries
54
Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Identify
A - Acidophils B - basophils C - chromophobes
55
Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Pars intermedia -> Identify
1)Cyst of Rathke.
56
Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Pars intermedia -> Identify
1)Cyst of Rathke. 2)Basophil cells.
57
86)Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Neurohypophysis (Posterior pituitary) -> Identify
1)Pituicytes. 2)Herrings body. 3)capillaries. Nh-neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary).
58
86)Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Neurohypophysis (Posterior pituitary) -> Identify
1)Pituicytes. 3)capillaries. Nh-neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary).
59
Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Identify
Cap - Capillary P - Pituicytes HB - Herring bodies
60
Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E) -> Identify
Cap - Capillary P - Pituicytes HB - Herring bodies
61
87)Hypophysis (chrome haematoxyline phloxin) -> Adenhypophysis (Anterior pituitary) -> Identify
A) pars distalis B) Pars intermediate C) Neurohypophysis 4)dura matter.
62
87)Hypophysis (chrome haematoxyline phloxin) -> Adenhypophysis (Anterior pituitary) -> Identify
1)basophils 2)acidophils. 3)chromophobes. 4)dura matter. S)sinusoids.
63
87)Hypophysis (chrome haematoxyline phloxin) -> Identify
C)Neurohypophysis 1)Pituicytes. 2)Herrings body. 3)capillary.
64
87)Hypophysis (chrome haematoxyline phloxin) -> Identify
B)Pars intermediate 1)Cyst of Rathke's. 2)Basophil cells.
65
87)Hypophysis (chrome haematoxyline phloxin) -> Identify
B)Pars intermediate 1)Cyst of Rathke's. 2)Basophil cells.

A micro ANA II (theory) (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions