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Human Physiology > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

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1
Q

endocrinology

A

study of homeostatic chemical adjustments and other activities that hormones accomplish

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2
Q

hydrophilic hormones

A

peptide hormones, catecholamines, and indoleamines

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3
Q

lipophilic hormones

A

steroid hormones, thyroid hormones

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4
Q

peptide hormones

A

most abundant, chains of amino acids of varying length

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5
Q

catecholamines

A

produced by the adrenal medulla, are derived from the amino acid tyrosine

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6
Q

indoleamines

A

produced by the pineal gland, are derived from the amino acid trytophan

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7
Q

steroid hormones

A

produced by the adrenal cortex and reproductive endocrine glands, neutral lipids derived from cholesterol

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8
Q

thyroid hormones

A

produced by the thyroid gland, an iodinated tyrosine derivative

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9
Q

hydrophilic hormones primary act through what type of mechanism?

A

second-messenger systems

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10
Q

lipophilic hormones primarily act through what type of mechanism?

A

activate genes on binding with receptors inside the cell

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11
Q

where are hydrophilic proteins usually found?

A

circulate in blood largely dissolved in plasma

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12
Q

GH

A

growth hormone, stomatotrophin

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13
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotropin

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14
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenocorticotrophin

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15
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

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16
Q

LH

A

lutenizing hormone

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17
Q

PRL

A

prolactin

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18
Q

MSH

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

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19
Q

what are the major functions of ADH?

A
  1. via cAMP, it increases aquaporins in the distal convoluted tubule
  2. causes vasoconstriction in the smooth muscles throughout the body
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20
Q

what are the major functions of OXY?

A

oxytocin
1. uterine contractions
2. ejection of milk from the mammary glands
3. synthetic pitocin drip can induce labor

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21
Q

what are the major functions of GH?

A
  1. fetal growth, cild, puberty
  2. bone development, soft tissue development
  3. IGF I and III (idk what this is)
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22
Q

what are the major functions of ACTH?

A
  1. growth of the adrenal cortex
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23
Q

what are the major functions of FSH?

A
  1. ovarian follicles in women
  2. increased estrogen production
  3. sperm production in males
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24
Q

what are the major functions of LH?

A
  1. ovulation in women
  2. increased estrogen and progesterone in women
  3. increased testosterone from interstitial cells (ICSH)
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25
what are the major functions of PRL?
1. breast development in women 2. milk production in women 3. receptors for LH in the testes
26
major functions of MSH?
1. melanin dispearson 2. learning and memory
27
hormones released by the posterior pituitary (2)
ADH, oxytocin (OXY)
28
hormones released by the anterior pituitary (7)
GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, PRL, MSH
29
which pathway does ADH use for delivery?
cAMP
30
which pathway does OXY use for delivery?
IP3
31
which pathway does GH use for delivery?
IP3
32
which pathway does ACTH use for delivery?
cAMP
33
which pathway does FSH use for delivery?
cAMP
34
what pathway does LH use for delivery?
cAMP
35
which pathway does TSH use for delivery?
cAMP
36
which pathway does MSH use for delivery?
cAMP
37
hormone 1
releasing or inhibiting hormone
38
hormone 2
one of the 6 hormones of the anterior pituitary
39
hormone 3
targets specific endocrine gland for release
40
hormone 2 has a short negative feedback loop to...
the hypothalamus
41
hormone 3 has negative long feedback loops to...
1. the anterior pituitary 2. the hypothalamus
42
the gonadotropins
FSH, LH, and maybe PRL (hard to tell on the paper)
43
where does GH act on the body?
adipose tissue, bone, muscle
44
where does TSH act on the body?
thyroid
45
where does ACTH act on the body?
adrenal cortex
46
where do FSH and LH act on the body?
gonads
47
where does PRL act on the body?
mamary glands
48
where does MSH act on the body?
skin cells and the hippocampus
49
where are ADH and OXY produced?
the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
50
the hypothalamus has two well defined cell clusters, what are they called?
1. supraoptic nucleus 2. paraventricular nucleus
51
ADH is also know as....
vasopressin
52
infundibulum
the connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary glands - nerve fibers - bloody vessels
53
what type of gland is the pineal? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed
54
what type of gland is the hypothalamus? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed
55
what type of gland is the pituitary? mixed or solely endocrine?
solely endocrine
56
what type of gland is the thyroid? mixed or solely endocrine?
solely endocrine
57
what type of gland is the parathyroid? mixed or solely endocrine?
solely endocrine
58
what type of gland is the thymus? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed
59
what type of gland is the heart? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed
60
what type of gland is the liver? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed
61
what type of gland is the stomach? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed
62
what type of gland is the adrenal gland? mixed or solely endocrine?
solely endocrine
63
what type of gland is the pancreas? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed
64
what type of gland is the duodenum? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed
65
what type of gland is the kidney? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed
66
what type of gland is the adipose tissue? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed
67
what type of gland is the skin? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed
68
what type of gland is the ovaries? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed
69
what type of gland is the placenta? mixed or solely endocrine?
mixed

Human Physiology (11 decks)

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