Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Earth Science > Endogenic Process > Flashcards

Endogenic Process Flashcards

1
Q

processes formed or occurring beneath the surface of the Earth

A

Endogenic Process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mixture of molten rock, minerals and gases

A

Magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mixture usually made up of a hot liquid base called the melt,

minerals crystallized by the melt,

solid rocks incorporated into the melt from the surrounding confines and dissolved gases

A

Magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the hot liquid base in the magma mixture

A

Melt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the magma made of?

A

molen rock
minerals
gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

originates in the lower part of the Earth’s crust and in the upper portion of the mantle (asthenosphere)

A

Magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the magma originate from?

A

Asthenosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At about __ to __ km below the earth’s surface, the temperature is high enough to melt rocks into magma

A

30 - 65 km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the temperature rises about __

A

30ºC/km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How deep is the asthenosphere

A

100km to 350km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The melt in the magma flows very slowly because it is under __ __

A

intense pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Magma reaches temperatures between __

A

600ºC to 140ºC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Deep in the Earth,nearly all magmas contain gas dissolved in the liquid, as magma rises at the surface of the Earth, pressure is decreased and the gas forms a __

A

separate vapor phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Deep in the Earth,nearly all magmas contain gas dissolved in the liquid, as magma rises at the surface of the Earth, __ and the gas forms a separate vapor phase

A

pressure is decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

resistance to flow; antonym for fluidity

A

Viscocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Relationship between silica concentration in magma with viscosity

A

Silica concentration is directly proportionate to viscocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Magma leaves the confines of the asthenosphere and crust in two major ways

A

intrusion
extrusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Magma can be intruded into a __ area of another geologic form. Whe it cools and hardens, this intrusion develops into a __ aka igneous intrusive rock

A

low-density; pluton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Magma rises towards the Earth’s surface where there are __ dense surrounding rocks and when a __

A

less; structural zone allows movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Magma collects in areas called

A

Magma chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Magma develops within the __ and __ where the temperature and pressurre conditions favor the molten state

A

upper mantle and crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the __ dense magma __, while the __ dense magma __

A

less; rises, most; sinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ways to Generate Magma

A

Decompression Melting
Transfer of Heat
Flux Melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

involves the upward movement of the Earth’s mostly solid mantle.

A

Decompression Melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The hot material in decompression melting rises to an ara of lower pressure through the process of __

A

convection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

happens when hot liquid rock intrudes the earth’s crust. As the liquid rock solidifies, it loses this heat and transfers it to the surrounding crust (hot fudge and sundae)

A

Transfer of Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

when water or CO2 added on rocks affects the melting point of rock when added with water beneath the earth and generates magma

A

Flux Melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

often generates magma in subduction zones

A

Flux melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

his magma has high viscosity level, since it has highest silica content.

coolest of all magma types

A

Felsic Magma

30
Q

Felsic Magma

A

Feldspar, Silica

31
Q

this magma has high viscosity level, low in iron, but high in potassium and sodium

makes granite rocks

A

Felsic Magma

32
Q

Felsic magma has:
__ viscosity level
__ iron
__ potassium and sodium

A

Felsic Magma

33
Q

This form is normally found in erupting volcanoes, after the eruption, it releases a lava that has high silica and very viscous

commonly produce andesite rock

A

Intermediate magma

34
Q

Felsic magma makes __ rocks

A

Granite

35
Q

Intermediate magma commonly produces __ rocks

A

Andesite

36
Q

has relatively low silica content but high in iron and magnesium

low gas content and viscosity

high average temperature which contributes to its love velocity

most fluid

A

Mafic Magma

37
Q

Mafic Magma

A

Magnesium and Iron

38
Q

today our planet is too cool for this type of magma to form

hottest and fastest flowing magma

A

Ultramafic magma

39
Q

Gabbro and Basalt

A

Mafic

40
Q

Diorite and Andesite

A

Intermediate

41
Q

Granite and Rhyolite

A

Felsic

42
Q

Gabbro, Diorite, Granite

A

Intrusive Mafic, Intermediate, Felsic respectively

43
Q

Basalt, Andesite, Rhyolite

A

Extrusive Mafic, Intermediate, Felsic respectively

44
Q

Rock Deformation

A

Stress
Strain
Joints
Faults

45
Q

force that could create deformation on rocks in their shape and volume

A

Stress

46
Q

great forces from several directions may act on lithospheric plates causing them to move. Although, these crustal plates are elastic solid, they are subjected to forces such as pulling, pushing, or squeezing

A

Stress

47
Q

2 Kinds of Stress

A

Lithostatic
Differential

48
Q

rock beneath earth’s surface experience equal pressure exerted on it from all directions because of the weight of the overlying rock (ex. water pressure on a person’s body)

A

Lithostatic stress

49
Q

stress on rocks that are caused by an additional due to unequal stress due to tectonic forces

A

Differential Stress

50
Q

3 Types of Differential Stress

A

Tensional (stretching)
Compressional (squeezing)
Shear (strike-slip)

51
Q

Stretching

A

Tensional

52
Q

Squeezing

A

Compressional

53
Q

Strike-slip

A

Shear

54
Q

ability of a rock material to handle stress

depends on the elasticity of the rock

A

Strain

55
Q

Strain: Faulting - broken block

A

Brittle deformation

56
Q

Strain: flow - stretched block

A

Ductile deformation

57
Q

fractures in rocks that show little or no movement at all

A

Joints

58
Q

long and deep break or large crack in a rock

result of continuous pulling and pushing

A

Fault

59
Q

3 Types of Faults

A

Dip-slip fault (normal fault)
Strike-slip fault
Reverse (or thrust) fault

60
Q

occurs when brittle rocks are stretched

tectonic tensional forces are involved and the movement of blocks or rocks are mainly in the vertical direction

A

Dip-Slip faults

61
Q

Normal fault: the block lying on top of the fault surface is referred to as the __l while the one below is referred to as the __

A

hanging wall; foot wall

62
Q

occurs when brittle rocks are sheared and the movement of blocks of rock is chiefly in the horizontal direction

A

Strike-slip fault

63
Q

occur when brittle rocks are pushed (compressional)

A

reverse or thrust fault

64
Q

believed to impact as the BIG ONE is a dominantly strike-slip fault

A

West Valley Fault

65
Q

moves in ann oblique dextral motion

A

East Valley fault

66
Q

promoted by high temperature and pressure at a great depth

A

Folds

67
Q

when rocks deform in a ductile manner, instead of fracturing to form faults or joints, they may bend or fold and the resulting structures are called __

A

Folds

68
Q

3 Types of Folds

A

Monoclines
Synclines
Anticlines

69
Q

simplest types of folds.

occur when the horizontal layers are bent upward so that two limbs of the fold are still horizontal

A

Monocline

70
Q

fold structures when original rock layers have been folded downward and the two limbs of the fold dip inward towards the hinge of the fold

A

Syncline

71
Q

fold structures formed when the originally rock layers have been folded upward and the two limbs of the fold dip away from the hinge of the fold

A

Anticline

Earth Science (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions