Rocks

Question 1

hard mass of material that comes from collection of common aggregate of grains of one or more minerals

Answer 1

Rock

Question 2

formed from hot molten material within the earth’s crust that has undergone solidification, cooled, and hardened, due to high temperature

Answer 2

Igneous Rocks

Question 3

igneous rocks are based on ___

Answer 3

crystallization before magma has reached the surface

Question 4

formed inside volcanoes and has coarser texture due to big crystal formations

Answer 4

Intrusive rocks

Question 5

formed outside volcanoes and has a glassy appearance due to fine crystals

Answer 5

Extrusive rocks

Question 6

clastic rocks composed solely or primarily of volcanic materials

Answer 6

Pyroclastic rocks

Question 7

___ appearance in rocks means the mineral crystals are large and a sign that the rock solidified deep in the earth’s crust after slow cooling

Answer 7

Coarse grained

Question 8

___ appearance means the mineral crystals are small rock cooled so quickly

Answer 8

Fine grained

Question 9

granite, gabbro, diorite, pumice, clay, basalt

Answer 9

Igneous rocks

Question 10

formed from deposits of materials called sediments which are hardened, cemented, and packed together

Answer 10

Sedimentary Rocks

Question 11

deposited on land by water, wind and glaciers; settle down to the bottom of lakes and oceans

Answer 11

sediments

Question 12

formed mostly by weathering and erosion such as gravel, silt, shale and mud

Answer 12

Clastic sediments

Question 13

formed from hardened minerals usually dissolved in water by evaporation or precipitation e.g. limestone, rock, gypsum, rock salt

Answer 13

Chemical sediments

Question 14

frome remains of living organisms such as rocks

Answer 14

Organic sediments

Question 15

why do igneous rocks enrich soil fertility?

Answer 15

they come from volcanic eruptions

Question 16

valuable source of fuel and coal

Answer 16

Sedimentary rocks

Question 17

from previous igneous or sedimentary rocks changes due to high pressure and temperature; changes may be in the shape of crystals

Answer 17

Metamorphic rocks

Question 18

changing of rocks

Answer 18

Metamorphism

Question 19

a rock is converted to metamorphic if it is in direct contact with the source of heat such as the formation of marble from limestone which is heated to high temperatures

Answer 19

Contact metamorphism

Question 20

increased pressure and temperature si due to some processes known as plate tectonics and causes the formation of mountains

Answer 20

Regional metamorphism

Question 21

minerals are flattened, drawn out, and arranged in bands and
parallel layers such as rocks
that contain mica or iron magnesium minerals

Answer 21

Foliated

Question 22

fracture without definite pattern

Answer 22

unfoliated

Question 23

• fine-grained textures
• rapid cooling
• small crystals
• extrusive rock

Answer 23

Aphanitic

Question 24

• coarse-grained textures
• slow cooling
• large crystals
• intrusive rock

Answer 24

Phaneritic

Question 25

- different minerals crystallize at different temperatures and at different rates. - large crystals (phenocryst) embedded in a matrix of small crystals (groundmass).

Answer 25

Porphyritic

Question 26

Large crystals (__) embedded in a matrix of small crystals (__)

Answer 26

phenocryst groundmass

Question 27

during a volcanic eruption, molten rock is ejected into the atmosphere where it is quenched quickly

Answer 27

Glassy

Question 28

remains the major fuel used in power plants to generate electricity

Answer 28

Coal

Question 29

commonly occur together in the pore spaces of sedimentary rocks and consist of hydrocarbon compounds mixed together.

Answer 29

Oil and natural gas

Question 30

associated with sediment in ocean areas that are rich in plant and animal remains

Answer 30

petroleum formation

Question 31

provides the energy to drive chemical reactions that result in recrystallization (Metamorphism Agents)

Answer 31

Heat

Question 32

3 Metamorphism Agents

Answer 32

Heat Pressure and Stress Chemical Activities

Question 33

at __ boundaries, rocks are slowly thrust downward to become metamorphosed at depth

Answer 33

convergent

Question 34

buried rocks are subjected to stress or force exerted by the load above (metamorphism agent)

Answer 34

Pressure and stress

Question 35

rocks are also subjected to directional tectonic forces during mountain building, these forces, which are unequal in different directions are called __

Answer 35

differential stress

Question 36

the common fluid is water-containing ions in solution, some water is contained int eh pore spaces recrystallization of minerals (metamorphism agents)

Answer 36

Chemical activities

Question 37

Metamorphic processes can cause changes like:

Answer 37

increased density growth of large crystals reorientation of mineral grains low to high temp. minerals