Endomembrane systern

Question 1

what is the endomembrane system made up of?.

Answer 1

Endo plasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
lysosome
endosome
vacoules

Question 2

what is being pulled by transport vesicles through cytoplasm

Answer 2

motor proteins
formed by me microtubules and microfilaments

Question 3

pathway that synthesizes protein in the ER, modified at golgi complex, and transported to various destinations.

Answer 3

Biosynthetic pathways

Question 4

Proteins synthesized in the ER are discharged from the cell

Answer 4

Secretory pathway

Question 5

pathway that move materials from the outer surface of the cell to compartments, such as endosomes and lysosomes

Answer 5

Endocytic pathway

Question 6

2 modes of secretions

Answer 6

Constitutive secretion -continual manner
Regulated secretion -discharged in response to a stimulus

Question 7

where does regulated secretion occur

Answer 7

endocrine cells (hormones)
pancreatic acinar cells (digestive enzymes)
nerve cells (neurotransmitters)

Question 8

It metabolize many prescribed medications, and genetic variation in these enzymes among humans may explain differences from one person to the next in the effectiveness and side effects of many drugs

Answer 8

Cytochrome P450

Question 9

Functions o SER

Answer 9

1. steroid hormone synthesis in endocrene cells
2. Detoxification of organic compound via oxygenases in liver
3. Calcium ion sequestration and regulated release

Question 10

the starting point of the biosynthetic pathway for secretory proteins

Answer 10

RER
1/3 of proteins are synthesized here

Question 11

The process where after syntherization of proteins in RER -> release in ER lumen

Answer 11

co translational translocation

Question 12

what removes the signal peptide in Nterminus

Answer 12

signal peptidase

Question 13

what enzyme adds carbohydrates to the nascent protein

Answer 13

oligosaccharide

Question 14

integral membrane proteins associated with the translocon that act on nascent proteins as they enter the ER lumen

Answer 14

signal peptidase
oligosaccharyltransferase

Question 15

what does ERGIC stand for? what is it made of?

Answer 15

fused transport resides
Endoplasmic reticulum golgi intermediate compartment

Question 16

sorting station that distinguishes between proteins to be shipped back to the ER and those that are allowed to proceed to the next Golgi station

Answer 16

CGN cis golgi network

Question 17

a sorting station where proteins are segregated into different types of vesicles heading either
-to the plasma membrane
-to various intracellular destinations

Answer 17

TGN trans golgi complex

Question 18

The steps that occur between vesicle budding and vesicle fusion

Answer 18

1. Moving of vesicle to target compartment
2. tethering of vesicle to target compartment
3. Docking of vesicle\//
4. Fusion of vesicle and target compartment

Question 19

this triggers the Exostosis in TGN

Answer 19

increase of CA 2+

Question 20

contain at least 50 different hydrolytic enzyme (break down of protein into smaller pieces) produced in the RER, and can hydrolyze virtually every type of biological macromolecule

Answer 20

Lysosome

Question 21

what fuses in Lysosome for single celled organism and phagocytic white cells to digest

Answer 21

phagosomes

Question 22

Benefits of autophagy

Answer 22

1.Helps protect an organism against intracellular threats
2. May play a role in the prevention of certain types of cancers and slowing the body’s aging
process