Energy & Metabolism Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of motion
What is potential energy?
Stored energy that is held by an object based on its location and or position
What is the conservation of energy?
The first law of Thermodynamics; energy can’t be created or destroyed, only converted
Heat is a type of (potential/kinetic) energy
Kinetic
What is entropy?
The measure of the amount of disorder/randomness in a system
Consider the example of having a messy room; it takes energy to clean it back up and this process is known as _________
Entropy
What is chemical energy?
Energy that comes from chemical substances (i.e. food, gasoline and batteries)
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
What does ADP stand for?
Adenosine diphosphate
What is metabolism?
The total of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism
What are enzymes usually composed of?
Proteins
ATP is made up of what type of macromolecule?
Nucleotide (nucleic acid)
What is activation energy?
The energy that has to be used in order to start a reaction
What are enzymes?
Proteins that act as biological catalysts (help speed up chemical reactions)
The specific molecule that an enzyme acts on is called the _________?
Substrate
T/F: Enzyme inhibitors are good for the enzymes they interact with
False! These are molecules that can interfere with an enzyme’s function (aka they are imposters)
The ____ ____ has a shape and chemistry that that fit the substrate molecule
Active site
What is diffusion?
The process in which higher concentrations of molecules move to areas of lower concentrations
T/F: Passive transport requires energy/work from the cell itself
False! Passive transport requires no work from the cell itself
T/F: Diffusion is not driven by a concentration gradient
False! It is driven by a concentration gradient
Assisted transport through a cell is known as _________ ___________
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis is a special case of __________
Diffusion
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What is an isotonic solution?
A solution with equal concentrations of salt and water
