energy systems

Question 1

what are the 3 main components of energy and protein systems

Answer 1

what the animal needs
what the feed provides
formulate these together

Question 2

what 2 pieces of information do protein systems bring together

Answer 2

amino acid requirements of animal
available amino acids from diets

Question 3

different between digestible energy and metabolizable energy

Answer 3

urine and methane removed to calculate metabolizable energy

Question 4

difference between gross energy and digestible energy

Answer 4

faeces removed to calculate digestible energy

Question 5

difference between metabolizable energy and net energy

Answer 5

heat increment

Question 6

how is gross energy calculated

Answer 6

using bomb calorimeter

Question 7

formulation for digestibility

Answer 7

feed intake less faeces output all over feed intake

Question 8

why is the energy digestibility higher than the DM digestibility

Answer 8

because DM digestibility contains components such as vitamins that have no energy

Question 9

as intake increases losses in faeces increases but will losses to methane/urine increase or decrease

Answer 9

losses to urine/methane decrease

Question 10

list the 2 ways heat increment is measured

Answer 10

1. animal calorimeters
2. indirect calorimetry

Question 11

how does indirect calorimetry work

Answer 11

estimate heat production from oxygen consumed, carbon dioxide produced and from nitrogen in the urine

Question 12

what is needed to carry out indirect calorimetry

Answer 12

respiration chamber

Question 13

what are the 2 types of respiration chambers

Answer 13

1 open circuit
2. closed circuit

Question 14

respiration chambers account for all energy lost than left with the net energy

Question 15

what is the approach when measuring the NE using comparative slaughter

Answer 15

measure the amount of energy retained by animal rather than measure all the losses

Question 16

why would comparative feeding trail be used

Answer 16

to identify the best feeds to use when fattening

Question 17

name the 3 ways energy is used during HI and rank them in order of most efficient

Answer 17

1. maintenance
2. milk production
3. fattening

Question 18

what are the 4 factors affecting the ME value

Answer 18

1. digestibility
2. species
3. type of digestion occuring
4. food preparation

Question 19

what is the reason for different ME values in same food stuffs between monogastric and ruminants

Answer 19

ruminants account for methane losses

Question 20

if metabolisability is 0.4 was is the ME value

Answer 20

7.4 MJ/kg DM

Question 21

if metabolisability is 0.5 what is the ME value

Answer 21

9.2 MJ/kg DM

Question 22

if metabolisability is 0.6 what is the ME value

Answer 22

11.0 MJ/kg DM

Question 23

if the metabolisability is 0.7 what is the ME value

Answer 23

12.9 MJ/kg DM

Question 24

what is the GE estimated to be in the AFRC system

Answer 24

18.4

Question 25

what are the 2 biggest factors affecting the efficiency of utilisation

Answer 25

quality of the feed purpose of the feed

Question 26

what is metabolisability

Answer 26

ME content expressed as proportion of GE content of the feed

Question 27

what are the DM, CF, CP EE and OMD values of the standard barely used in the UFL system

Answer 27

DM = 87% CF = 4.36 % CP = 10.5% EE = 1.93% OMD = 86%

Question 28

is UFL or UFV value higher

Answer 28

UFL milk production more efficient as using energy

Question 29

for every 50kg in bodyweight change UFL changes approx how much?

Answer 29

0.3 UFL

Question 30

what is the maintenance requirement of a 600kg cow in UFL's

Answer 30

5 UFL

Question 31

approx how many UFL's are per kg of milk

Answer 31

0.44 UFL

Question 32

1 kg body weight loss is equal to how many UFL's

Answer 32

3.5 UFL

Question 33

1kg body weight gain is equal to how many UFL's

Answer 33

4.5 UFL

Question 34

do you add or subtract associative effects

Answer 34

subtract

Question 35

what causes associative effect

Answer 35

increase concentrates reduce rumen pH, this reduces the effectiveness of the fibre microbes hence reducing forage breakdown

Question 36

what is the housing adjustment for loose housing cows

Answer 36

10%

Question 37

what is housing adjustment for pasture based cows

Answer 37

20%

Question 38

UFL requirement for 7th month gestation cow

Answer 38

0.9 UFL

Question 39

UFL requirement for 8th month gestation cow

Answer 39

1.6 UFL

Question 40

UFL requirement for 9th month gestation low

Answer 40

2.6 UFL