meth

Question 1

what % of Irish agriculture greenhouse gases does methane make up ?

Answer 1

63%

Question 2

what % of total greenhouse gases is as a result of greenhouse gases

Answer 2

37.8%

Question 3

breakdown in % of irelands greenhouse gas emissions

Answer 3

fermentation - 63%
manure management - 11%
agri soils - 18%
liming - 2.2%

Question 4

by how many Mt CO2eq will the MACC model reduced emissions by

Answer 4

1.5 - 2

Question 5

by 2030 what is the aim for Mt of emissions due to agriculture

Answer 5

17.25Mt

Question 6

what are 2 key challenges to reduction in emissions

Answer 6

1. develop more technologies
2. support farmers with adoption

Question 7

what are the almost ready technologies available to farmers

Answer 7

feed additives
fertiliser
earlier slaughter

Question 8

what are the early stage technologies available to farmers

Answer 8

feed additives at pasture
breeding low emitting animals

Question 9

what is the global warming potential of enteric methane

Answer 9

CO2 x 28

Question 10

what is methane a mechanism to remove from the animal

Answer 10

hydrogen

Question 11

why dont kangaroos excrete methane

Answer 11

acetogens dominate rather than methanogens

Question 12

what component of feed produces the highest amount of methane

Answer 12

fibre

Question 13

why are the methanogens located close to the protozoa

Answer 13

easy transfer of hydrogen to produce methane

Question 14

why does fibre diet produce more methane and starch diet

Answer 14

type of VFA’s produced any diet that promotes acetate production (fibre) has higher methane

Question 15

why do hindgut fermenters not produce much methane

Answer 15

acetogens dominate and these utilise the hydrogen

Question 16

how is methane excreted in hindgut fermenters

Answer 16

is absorbed into blood and excreted in the breath by the lungs

Question 17

how many species of methanogens are their in the diet of rumen

Answer 17

13

Question 18

why cant we add acetogens to a rumen diet to reduce methane

Answer 18

1. difficult to change rumen microbial population
2. live population of acetogens needs to be fed to animals

Question 19

what feeds results have been proven to lower methane production in ruminants

Answer 19

1. improved forage quality
2. feed concentrates
3. feed additives

Question 20

what % of total energy consumed is lost through methane

Answer 20

5 - 10 %

Question 21

why is methane important in terms of energy

Answer 21

methane is energy dense (55MJ/kg) so animal could be losing out on all this energy

Question 22

why is propionate produced in high starch diet and how does it reduce methane

Answer 22

starch lower rumen pH hence the production of propionate and needs 4H in order to be converted from pyruvate hence utilising it

Question 23

equation of end products of CHO digestion

Answer 23

CO2 + 4H2 = CH4 + H20

Question 24

what % of total microbes is archaebacteria or pathogens

Answer 24

0.5 - 3 %

Question 25

what type of environment do pathogens need

Answer 25

anaerobic environment

Question 26

what is the main driver of methane production

Answer 26

feed intake

Question 27

what is the main challenge with trying to come up with strategy to reduce methane

Answer 27

antigens need to get directly into rumen only way to do so is through saliva

Question 28

what are the 3 feed additives proven to reduce methane

Answer 28

1. 3 - NOP 2. aspargopsis or red seaweed 3. nitrate

Question 29

what is the problem with testing in vitro

Answer 29

very little of the results shown are actually seen in vivo

Question 30

what are the 3 methane reduction strategies

Answer 30

1. propionate enhancers 2. alternate hydrogen sink 3. targeting rumen methanogens

Question 31

what are the 2 constraints with feed additives

Answer 31

1. insufficient evidence of a co benefit 2. needs to be fed continuously in feed ration

Question 32

what is the mean reduction by using bovaer

Answer 32

up to 30% reduction

Question 33

how does bovear work

Answer 33

limits the last step of the methanogenesis cycle

Question 34

cost of bovaer

Answer 34

€25.55 annually beef cattle €60.59 annually for dairy cows

Question 35

how long after feeding will the reduction in methane occur

Answer 35

2.5 hours post feeding

Question 36

whats the overall reduction in pasture system feeding twice daily

Answer 36

7%

Question 37

from laharts research was was the overall reduction when fed using a diet feeder in the dry period

Answer 37

22% reduction

Question 38

reduction in methane when fed using a diet feeder in winter milk system

Answer 38

25% reduction

Question 39

what are oxidising methane inhibitors

Answer 39

peroxide based compounds inhibit methanogens and divert electrons from H2

Question 40

what % reduction in methane has been seen by using oxidising methane inhibitors

Answer 40

reduction by 17% on low dose reduction by 28% on high dose

Question 41

what % reduction in H2 was seen using the oxidising methane inhibitors

Answer 41

32-36%

Question 42

why is oxidising methane inhibitors easy to deliver

Answer 42

can be fed twice daily through a pellet

Question 43

what is greenbreed

Answer 43

identification of low methane emitting cattle

Question 44

what was the affect of sward type on carbon footprint

Answer 44

compared to PRG animals grazing ryegrass plus white clover or the multispecies sward had a 15% lower carbon footprint

Question 45

what % methane reduction did feeding 1300kgDM compared to 2800kgDM

Answer 45

7% per day 22% per kg ADG

Question 46

what is defaunation

Answer 46

removal of protozoa responsible for methane production

Question 47

challenge with defaunation

Answer 47

finding substrate non toxic to other bacteria achieve without compromising fibre digestion

Question 47

what are methane reduction potentials of linseed oil supplementation

Answer 47

17% reduction per day 20% reduction/kg MS

Question 48

seaweed methane reductions

Answer 48

98% per day 22% increase ADG