ENG Prelim

Question 1

Stages of Writing Process

Answer 1

Pre-writing
Writing
Rewriting

Question 2

where the writer writes and composes information pertaining to the purpose of his paper, choice of topic, and gathers information

Answer 2

Pre-writing

Question 3

the part where the writer writes his first draft and works out on the important details of his work

Answer 3

Writing

Question 4

– also known as the revision stage
– where the writer revises his work to ensure that the content of his paper is relevant, the ideas are well organized, and grammar and mechanics are clearly observed

Answer 4

Rewriting

Question 5

Basic Principles of Technical Writing

Answer 5

● Know you readers
● Have a clear and exact purpose
● Use simple, concrete & familiar language
● Introduce your report in a well-organized manner
● Use correct format
● Adopt ethical standards

Question 6

Basic Principle of Technical Writing in which you always have in mind that there is a specific reader, real or imaginary. It focuses on who will be reading your report.

Answer 6

Know your readers

Question 7

Basic Principles of Technical Writing in which you do before starting to write. It is when you decide decide on what the exact purpose of your report or write-up is. Focuses on what you are writing for and why you are writing.

Answer 7

Have a clear and exact purpose

Question 8

You use this so that your report is easily understood. Focuses on choosing the words that best suit the level of understanding of your readers.

Answer 8

Use simple, concrete & familiar language

Question 9

You do this to assist your reader to a complete understanding of your idea through clear description, definition, and explanation. Focuses on whether the report has followed the basic principles.

Answer 9

Introduce your report in a well-organized manner

Question 10

You do this to attract the attention of the readers and follow the standard forms of writing

Answer 10

Use correct format

Question 11

You do this to present facts, figures, and statistics that focus only on your subject matter in an impersonal manner and avoid biases and unfairness.

Answer 11

Adopt ethical standards

Question 12

Legal & Ethical Considerations when preparing Technical Papers

Answer 12

● Copyright Law
● Trademark Law
● Contract Law
● Liability Law

Question 13

– covers the protection of the rights of the author
– protects original “works of authorship” which covers reproduction, adaptation, distribution, and display

Answer 13

Copyright Law

Question 14

pertains to federal protection of the writer

Answer 14

Trademark Law

Question 15

– can be a phrase, symbol, logo, design, or shape
– can be something that has gained reputation in the marketplace like book series, an author’s name or even a signature

Answer 15

Trademark

Question 16

covers written warranties or the writer’s implied warranties

Answer 16

Contract Law

Question 17

pertains to responsibilities or obligations of writers especially claims they made on their paper

Answer 17

Liability Law

Question 18

Qualities of a Technical Writeup

Answer 18

● Accessibility
● Accuracy
● Clarity
● Correctness
● Objectivity
● Thoroughness

Question 19

means capable of being reached, used or seen, understood or appreciated, and easy to deal with

Answer 19

Accessibility

Question 20

its aim is for ease of navigation and availability

Answer 20

Accessibility

Question 21

means that it is definite and precise

Answer 21

Accuracy

Question 22

Accuracy means that it is ______ and _______

Answer 22

definite & precise

Question 23

○ It is essential that you as the writer, know and understand the background of your intended reader so that, when he reads your document, it can be easily understood without any doubt or confusion
○ Your document becomes meaningless if the intended reader does not understand your message
○ When you write, avoid unnecessary words that will put your reader in a dilemma
○ Your document must be clear so that the text becomes easy to understand

Answer 23

Clarity

Question 24

○ Effective technical communications (in writing or verbally) cannot be achieved unless you successfully comply with appropriate grammatical and technical rules
○ Also, you must always ensure that the information (data) you present is accurate and up-to-date

Answer 24

Correctness

Question 25

Effective technical communications (in writing or verbally) cannot be achieved unless you successfully comply with appropriate ________

Answer 25

grammatical & technical rules

Question 26

Also, you must always ensure that the ________ you present is ________

Answer 26

information (data) accurate & up-to-date

Question 27

These aspects of technical communications should be adiusted according to your audience level:

Answer 27

◆ the amount of detail ◆ organizational pattern ◆ level of technicality ◆ type of vocabulary ◆ mechanics ◆ appearance

Question 28

○ Just like in communication, we don't confront someone when we are ruled by our emotions ◆ This is true also in sending messages and in writing ○ The spirit of balance and fairness is important in technical writing ◆ The use of a third-person point of view is preferable because of its impersonal effect ○ Our writing should not be influenced by personal feelings, opinions, prejudice, or interpretation

Answer 28

Objectivity

Question 29

means that you have examined or reviewed all the details of your written report and sees to it that it is complete and clear

Answer 29

Thoroughness

Question 30

Thoroughness means that you have _________ or ________ of your ________ and sees to it that it is _______ and ______

Answer 30

examined reviewed all the details written report complete clear

Question 31

– a writer’s way of writing – a manner by which he expresses his thoughts and feelings in language

Answer 31

Style

Question 32

Effective writing always involves the _________, the __________, and __________

Answer 32

choice of words and expressions arrangements of words within sentences variety in the patterns of the sentence

Question 33

Rules and Guidelines to Achieve Style in Technical Writing

Answer 33

● Keep the Main Idea on Top ● Use Normal Word Order ● Use Active Voice ● Use Parallelism ● Repeat for Emphasis ● Avoid Wordiness ● Avoid Redundancy ● Choose a Tone ● Use Positive Words & Verbs ● Tune to the Audience

Question 34

the key principle in writing so that your sentences are easy to understand

Answer 34

Keep the Main Idea on Top

Question 35

– normal word order in English – this order makes it easier to read as it reveals the topic first and the structures the idea – this order produces sentences which are clear to the readers and do not cause any confusion

Answer 35

Subject-Verb-Object

Question 36

– emphasizes performer of the function and not the receiver – helps the reader follow the meaning quickly as it is sticking to subject-verb-object pattern

Answer 36

Active Voice

Question 37

When the subject acts, the verb is in the ______

Answer 37

active voice

Question 38

When the subject is acted upon, the verb is in the?

Answer 38

passive voice

Question 39

using of similar structures for similar elements

Answer 39

Parallelism

Question 40

repeating of key words for emphasis so that the reader has better recall

Answer 40

Repeat for Emphasis

Question 41

○ Generally, concise expressions are more effective than verbosity ○ Eliminate all repetitions, subordinate clauses etc. to make the writing compact and pointed

Answer 41

Avoid Wordiness

Question 42

words that say the same content

Answer 42

Redundancies

Question 43

can communicate as much as the content of the message

Answer 43

Tone

Question 44

– implies that the writer is in command – appropriate when the writer addresses subordinates

Answer 44

Forceful

Question 45

used when the reader has more power than the writer

Answer 45

Passive

Question 46

implies that reader and writer are equal

Answer 46

Personal

Question 47

employed when the writer is not important and the situation is neutral

Answer 47

Impersonal

Question 48

– a sure way to involve your audience – convince the reader the benefits of your subject matter

Answer 48

Use Positive Words & Verbs

Question 49

the key for effectiveness of your document with the reader

Answer 49

Tune to the Audience

Question 50

can either be a noun or a pronoun

Answer 50

Subject

Question 51

can be singular or plural in number or can be both

Answer 51

Indefinite Pronouns

Question 52

2 ways authors lose their readers

Answer 52

Unfamiliar Words & Overly Long Sentences

Question 53

useful when the writer does not know or does not want to name the doer in the sentence

Answer 53

Passive Voice

Question 54

should always be preferred than the passive voice because the verbs are stronger, sentences are shorter, and the reader gets the meaning at once

Answer 54

Active Voice

Question 55

It is important for the writer to consider that the ________ is to _________. Technical writing emphasizes objective reporting with no __________. To achieve this, the writer must have a proper ________, good _______, and clear paragraph organization.

Answer 55

goal of effective technical writing make information flow easily and clearly room for different interpretations choice of words sentence structure

Question 56

_______ is presented in a _________, in a __________ by the use of third-person pronouns and with strict observation of the conventions of standard English.

Answer 56

Accurate information clear and concise manner neutral, serious, and formal tone

Question 57

a way of giving or explaining the meaning of an abstract term or a concept

Answer 57

Definition

Question 58

the explanation it gives is limited only to what the reader needs to know about the term to avoid confusion with other words belonging to the same class to where the target word belongs

Answer 58

Definition

Question 59

Definition comes from the Latin words?

Answer 59

finire (to limit) de (from)

Question 60

Why do we need to define words?

Answer 60

● It gives the reader a clearer and easier understanding of the concept or idea enough to encourage him to read continuously until the end of the text ● It explains ideas or concepts behind various innovations, methods, and techniques in the field of technology ● It lessens the gap between technological experts or "high-tech" people and the "low-tech" people. It frees a person from any confusing, wrong understanding of a term ● It helps a company member do his job more efficiently towards a certain goal ● It makes any technical written work readable to all kinds of audience or readers

Question 61

Categories of Definition

Answer 61

● Simple Definition ● Extended, Expanded, or Amplified Definitions

Question 62

commonly used in technical writing whether formally or non-formally

Answer 62

Simple Definition

Question 63

goes beyond the sentential level

Answer 63

Extended, Expanded, or Amplified Definitions

Question 64

expands into a paragraph-length definition using around three (3) to ten (10) sentences

Answer 64

Extended, Expanded, or Amplified Definitions

Question 65

provides more information besides talking about the category and the use or function

Answer 65

Extended, Expanded, or Amplified Definitions

Question 66

also provides information on what it is made up of, its structure, its peculiar physical and chemical properties, when, where, and by whom it is used and its merits and drawbacks

Answer 66

Extended, Expanded, or Amplified Definitions

Question 67

Types of Simple Definition

Answer 67

○ Informal Definition ○ Formal Definition

Question 68

Informal Definition is also called as?

Answer 68

parenthetical definition or an in-text definition

Question 69

a substitution of a familiar term or phrase to the unfamiliar or technical term used

Answer 69

Informal Definition

Question 70

has an incomplete definition, has a brief and particularly adapted for use in the text, and it lacks emphasis

Answer 70

Informal Definition

Question 71

definition that does not follow a pattern

Answer 71

Informal Definition

Question 72

its only objective is to give meaning to a word that is unfamiliar or explain the special meaning of a familiar word

Answer 72

Informal Definition

Question 73

appears in the text in the form of a synonym, a phrase or a clause

Answer 73

Informal Definition

Question 74

distinguished or separated from other words in the sentence through a dash, a colon, a comma, parentheses, italics, or bold

Answer 74

Informal Definition

Question 75

Formal Definition is also called as?

Answer 75

Aristotelian and one-sentence logical definition

Question 76

a logical or a step-by-step method of making the term meaningful

Answer 76

Formal Definition

Question 77

Defining a term in a formal manner requires:

Answer 77

◆ mentioning the term or species to be defined ◆ name the genus, group or class where such term belongs ◆ give the differentia to indicate its difference from other members belonging to the class

Question 78

– the word to be defined – answers the question, "What is to be defined?"

Answer 78

Term

Question 79

– the category, group, or class to which the term belongs – answers the question, "In what category, group, or class does the term belong?"

Answer 79

Genus

Question 80

– tells the unique characteristics of the term making it distinct from other terms of the same classification – answers the question "What makes a term different from the other term or terms of the same genus?"

Answer 80

Differentia

Question 81

Ways of Extending, Expanding, or Amplifying a definition of a term

Answer 81

○ Etymology/Word Derivation ○ Historical Definition ○ Negation/Elimination ○ Operating Principles ○ Comparison & Contrast ○ Use of Examples ○ Operational Definition ○ Partition ○ Illustration/Visuals ○ Description

Question 82

gives the origin of the term based on the country that first introduced the term to the world

Answer 82

Etymology/Word Derivation

Question 83

– stresses the historical development of the term – mentioned in this definition are the people, places, and dates that played significant roles in the existence of the word

Answer 83

Historical Definition

Question 84

those aspects, elements, or properties of the term or concepts that contribute to the existence of such a term, telling what a thing is not

Answer 84

Negation/Elimination

Question 85

stressed in this is the process involved in the production or creation of the thing referred to the term being defined

Answer 85

Operating Principles

Question 86

makes you extend your explanation of a concept or a thing by pointing out how such a thing or concept is similar to or different from other concepts

Answer 86

Comparison & Contrast

Question 87

what determines the meaning of a term or a concept by means of this type of amplified definition is how this concept applies to another concept or how one uses it in a certain situation

Answer 87

Use of Examples

Question 88

– giving a concept or a term – explaining the indispensable function or use of this thing in the process, project, or activity

Answer 88

Operational Definition

Question 89

divides complex topics into multiple categories

Answer 89

Partition

Question 90

provides a graphic representation of a topic

Answer 90

Illustration/Visuals

Question 91

explains the appearance of a thing, by describing its shape, size, material, etc.

Answer 91

Description