engineering techniques

Question 1

Hard engineering tech for beaches

Answer 1

Groynes
Cheap
Exposes other coastal areas

Sea wall
Expensive
Protects cliffs and buildings

rip rap defences
cheap as just need boulders
rock absorbs energy
look unnatural

Question 2

Soft engineering tech for beaches

Answer 2

Beach nourishment
Cheap
Main tourism
Sand reduce energy wave
But often sand is sourced from different area of beaches, making it worse for them

Offshore reef
the offshore reefs break the waves early on reef and lose power
Expensive
Interferes with fishing

Question 3

River hard tech

Answer 3

Dams and reservoirs
Store large volume of waters
Generates HEP electricity
Expensive to build and maintain
Sediment can build up on reservoirs

Channelisation
Allows river to flow quickly away, taking water away faster reducing flood rick in area
Look bad
Water taken downstream puts other places at risk. Alters landscape as energy is increased velocity increases.

Question 4

Soft tech for rivers

Answer 4

Flood plain zoning
prevents development in areas prone to flooding
Reduces homes at risk
allows infiltration
Restricts growth of areas
Preserves natural floodplains

Washlands
Areas next to rivers deliberately flooded