Enroute Procedures

Question 1

Direct to a VOR

Answer 1

1. Tune, Identify, and Monitor
2. Turn Shortest direction to place the head of BP 1 under the heading index on the HSI
3. Set new course, Hold CDI button
4. Track to the new NAVAID

Question 2

Tracking

Answer 2

1. Establish aircraft on the desired course
2. Maintain HEADING = COURSE until deviation is noted on the CDI and bearing point
3. Determine the general direction of the wind
   
   1. Tail-Radial-Wind
   2. Bar deviates into wind
4. Turn to re-intercept the desired course
   
   1. Tail-Radial-Turn or into bar
   2. Angle of Intercept: # of degrees between aircraft heading and desired course
      
      1. Should not exceed 45*
5. ONce established back on course, crab into wind.
   
   1. If unsure use 5* to start
6. Repeat 4 and 5 until you get a WCH
   
   1. ​When close to station keep heading chang +/- 10*

Question 3

Station Passage

Answer 3

Moment the aircraft passes directly over or abeam the radio facility. Primarily when flag goes TO/FRom on the CDI.

Question 4

Over the Station Intercept

Answer 4

1. Time
2. Turn - Shortest direction to heading that will parallel or intercept the outbound course.
   
   1. If new course is more than 90* used inbound, turn to intercept heading not to exceed 45* past new heading require to parallel.
   2. DO NOT turn more than 45* beyond the heading required to parallel to the new course
3. Time
4. Transition - Initiate speed, configuration, or altitude transitions required by the situation
5. Twistercept
   
   1. ​Set new course for CDI, Check from flag indication
   2. Use DA, not to exceed 45*
6. Talk

Question 5

Radial/Radial Intercepts

Answer 5

1. TIM
2. Set new course in CDI
   
   1. Same as Radial for Outbound
   2. Reciprocal for inbound
3. Turn to an intercept heading
   
   1. Tail-Radial-Turn
   2. Turn towards CDI deviation bar to place head of course arrow in top half of HSI
   3. Angle of intercept should be greater than number of radials off (Not to exceed 90*)
   4. Heads will rise, Tails will fall

Question 6

Arcing

Answer 6

1. Proceed direct to the arc entry point
2. Calculate the lead-point —> Radial/ARC Intercept
   
   1. SRT - 0.5%*GS
   2. 1/2SRT - 1%*GS
      
      1. ADD if Inbound
      2. SUBTRACT if outbound
3. Determine the direction of turn at the lead-point
4. At the lead-point, start a SRT in appropriate direction and put BP on 90* benchmark
5. Check DME
   
   1. CTS - < = 0.5 DME
   2. If less- place head of BP up to 15* below 90* benchmark
   3. If greater - place BP up to 15* above the 90* benchmark
6. Maintain arc by putting BP on or near 90* benchmark

Question 7

Arc/Radial Intercepts

Answer 7

1. Determine the number of radials per mile. 60/DME of arc (60/12=5)
2. Determine the turn radius of the aircraft for 90* turn (0.5%*180 = 0.9)
   
   • SRT: 0.5% GS
   • 1/2RT: 1.0% GS
3. Calculate lead radial- Multiply turn radius by number of radials per mile (0.9*5 = 4.5)
4. At the Lead Radial start a SRT onto new course/radial

Question 8

VOR/DME Intersection Pass Through

Answer 8

1. Establish aircraft on course to the intersection using the primary NAVAID
2. Track the primary course until at published fix DME
3. Note time, if required
4. Continue tracking outbound from the fix on the same course inbound

Question 9

Turn Onto New Course at VOR/DME Intersection

Answer 9

1. Establish aircraft on course to the intersection using the priamry NAVAID
2. Track the primary course until within 10 NM of the intersection
3. Tune the secondary NAVAID used to navigate the next route section
4. Set new course into CDI
5. Maintain the wind corrected heading for the primary course until starting a turn onto the new course
6. Note time (if required) for reporting purposes, wings level out of the turn, on course, or with an appropriate intercept established

Question 10

VOR Only Intersection Pass Through

Answer 10

1. Establish a/c on course to the intersection with primary NAVAID
2. Approx 3 min prior to ETA at intersection, TIM secondary NAVAID
   
   1. If the tail of BP is not 10 radials or less
      
      1. Retune primary NAVAID and continue track
      2. Wait a max of 1 minute
      3. Retune secondary
   2. If secondary tail is 10 rads or less to secondary radial, maintain wind corrected heading for the primary course until the TAIL of the BP rises to the secondary rad
3. Note the time, if required, retune primary NAVAID, continue tracking primary course

Question 11

VOR Only Intersection New Course

Answer 11

1. Establish a/c on course to the intersection with primary NAVAID
2. Approx 3 min prior to ETA at intersection, TIM secondary NAVAID
   
   1. If the tail of BP is not 10 radials or less
      
      1. Retune primary NAVAID and continue track
      2. Wait a max of 1 minute
      3. Retune secondary
   2. If secondary tail is 10 rads or less to secondary radial, maintain wind corrected heading for the primary course until the TAIL of the BP rises to the secondary rad
3. Maintain wind corrected heading for the primary course until commencing turn
4. Note time (if req) when aircraft is wings level out of the turn, on course, or with an appropriate intercept established

Question 12

Point to Point

Answer 12

1. TIM
2. Set new radial in CDI
3. Turn to heading between the head of BP and head of CDI “Split some heads”
   
   1. If smaller DME favor head of BP
   2. If larger DME favor head of the course pointer (desired radial)
4. Update the heading eroute and apply appropriate corrections

If arriving at DME first, use 90* benchamrk to split the needle and desired radial

If arriving at the radial first, turn to track inbound or outbound as required towards the fix

Question 13

Corrections to new fix (Point to Point)

Answer 13

If arriving at DME first:

1. 90* benchamrk as reference to split needle and desired radial (place 90* between tail and CDI tail

If arriving at Raidal first:

1. Turn track inbound or outbound as required to get correct DME