ENT

Question 1

What nerve supplies sensation to skin of the face?

Answer 1

Trigeminal

Question 2

What does the stapedius do?

Answer 2

When contracts pulls the stapes posteriorly and dampens down vibration of ossicles: useful in loud situations

Question 3

What nerve passes near the mastoid

Answer 3

facial

Question 4

What is the tensor tympani innervated by?

Answer 4

Nerve to tensor tympani: a branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

Question 5

Describe a vestibular schawannoma and its presentation?

Answer 5

benign subarachnoid tumour of CN VIII causing local pressure effects causing unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus. A progressive disease. MRI performed to rule out malignancy. Surgical excision

Question 6

What size do vestibular schwannomas have to be for surgical excision?

Answer 6

OVer 40mm
If under repeat MRI every 6 months

Question 7

What does the chorda tympani do

Answer 7

Special sensation- Carries taste sensation from anterior portion of the tongue
Parasymp- submandibular and sublingual

Question 8

What does the vagus nerve pass out of

Answer 8

Jugular foramen

Question 9

What is the first branch of the vagus nerve

Answer 9

Superior laryngeal nerve

Question 10

What does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate

Answer 10

The cricothyroid muscle which helps adduct the vocal cords

Question 11

What does the inferior laryngeal nerve do

Answer 11

motor innervation to intrinsic laryngeal muscles and sensory to larynx

Question 12

most likely diagnosis for vertigo lasting days/weeks

Answer 12

Labrynthitis and vestibular neuronitis

Question 13

first line treatment for persistent otitis media with effusion

Answer 13

grommet insertion

Question 14

Other than antibiotics what treatment for severe tonsilitis

Answer 14

Steroids

Question 15

Lump between isthmus of thyroid and hyoid bone

Answer 15

Thyroglossal cyst

Question 16

neck lump associated with dysphagia, aspiration and chronic cough

Answer 16

pharyngeal pouch

Question 17

pulsatile neck lump

Answer 17

carotid anuersym

Question 18

What verterbral level is the cricoid cartilage

Answer 18

c6

Question 19

what vertebral level is the hyoid cartilage

Answer 19

c3

Question 20

what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage

Answer 20

c4/5/6

Question 21

What is seen in glandular fever

Answer 21

• Gross tonsillar enlargement with membranous exudates
• Marked cervical lymphadenopathy
• Generalised lymphadenopathy
• Palatal petchial haemorrahages
• Hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, hepatitis
• Rash

Question 22

What is seen on blood film of glandular fever

Answer 22

atypical lymphocytes
paul-bunnel test can be used

Question 23

Where does ophthalmic branch enter enter the skull

Answer 23

Travels along lateral wall of cavernous sinus through superior orbital fissure

Question 24

Where does the maxillary nerve enter the skull

Answer 24

Inferior to V1 along cavernous sinus exit at foramen rotundum

Question 25

Where does the mandibular nerve enter the skull

Answer 25

Does not pass through cavernous sinus, exits at foramen ovale

Question 25

Where does the mandibular nerve enter the skull

Answer 25

Does not pass through cavernous sinus, exits at foramen ovale

Question 26

What is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

Answer 26

Reactivation of varicella zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve causing a facial nerve palsy and vesicular rash. MM- aciclovir and corticosteroids

Question 27

What does the tensor tympani attach to

Answer 27

the malleus

Question 28

What does the ansa cervicalis innervate

Answer 28

Ansa cervicalis muscles: GHost THought SOmeone Stupid Shot Irene GenioHyoid ThyroidHyoid Superior Omohyoid SternoThyroid SternoHyoid Inferior Omohyoid

Question 29

Classical symptoms of cholesteatoma

Answer 29

Recurrent aural discharge, assymetrical hearing loss. Potentially facial weakness due to facial nerve involvement and dizziness and nystagmus from choleastoma eroding into the semi-circular canals History of previous surgery is key risk factor

Question 30

Which thyroid malignancy cannot be diagnosed with fine needle aspiration

Answer 30

Follicular carcinoma

Question 31

What is the dix hallpike manouver

Answer 31

Test for BBPV: 1. Patient sits up with head turned to 45 degrees to one side 2. Lie patient down with head over the bed and look for nystagmus 3. Repeat on contralateral side

Question 32

ABX for tonsilitis

Answer 32

Phenoxymethypenicillin

Question 33

How can the vagus nerve be tested

Answer 33

asking the patient to phonate and observing for a symmetrical rise in the palate and uvula due to vagus nerve supplying motor innervation to the soft palate

Question 34

Nerves of the gag reflex

Answer 34

Afferent: glossopharyngeal Efferent: Vagus

Question 35

What is the lingual nerve

Answer 35

A terminal branch of the mandibular nerve Supplies sensory innervation to anterior 2/3rds of mouth and floor of mouth Also carries fibres of taste sensation from the chorda tympani from the anterior 2/3rds of the mouth via chorda tympani

Question 36

Osteosclerosis affects which bone

Answer 36

Stapes