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year 2 misc > Optho > Flashcards

Optho Flashcards

1
Q

What is usually the causative organism of conjuctivitis?

A

Adenovirus

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2
Q

Pathology affecting the parietal lobe would result in what

A

contralateral homonymous inferior quadrantinopia

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3
Q

Pathology affect the parietal lobe would result in what

A

Contralateral homonymous superior quadrantinopia

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4
Q

Pathology affecting the visual cortex would result in what

A

contralateral homonoymous hemoanopia (macular sparing)

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5
Q

What is OCT used for

A

to distinguish between wet/dry ARMD

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6
Q

What do you need to diagnose papilloedema

A

optic nerve swelling/oedema and a neurological cause causing raised ICP

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7
Q

What is a manifest squint

A

when corneal reflections are assymetrical in normal gaze

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8
Q

What is a convergent squint

A

When the uncovered eye moves out to take up fixation from being in a convergent position

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9
Q

What causes an RAPD

A

Total retinal detachment or optic nerve damage such as advanced glaucoma, optic neuropathy or optic neuritis

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10
Q

What is optic neuritis a manifestation of

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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11
Q

In RAPD what nerve carries the afferent reflex

A

Optic nerve

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12
Q

In RAPD, what nerve carries the efferent reflex

A

Oculomotor nerve

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13
Q

If there was no consensual reflex in RAPD testing what nerve would be damaged

A

oculomotor

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14
Q

Whats the 1st line treatment for anterior uveitis

A

Topical steroid eye drops eg pred or dex

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15
Q

Dendritic ulcers are present in …

A

Herpes simplex keratitis

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16
Q

Herpes zoster opthalmicus is what? What is the presentation

A

Re-activiation of shingles affecting the ophthalmic division of the trigmenial nerve. A dermatomal vesicular rash involving the tip of the nose

17
Q

In red eye cases what is least likely to cause pain

A

Episcleritis

18
Q

Eye lid in-turning (entropion) is a complication of what

A

Bacterial keratitis

19
Q

What does the oculomotor nerve supply

A

Parasymp innervation to the iris via the ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerve so a palsy will lead to unopposed sympathetic activity and a dilated pupil.

20
Q

In wet ARMD where does neovascularisation occur and where do they grow from

A

Grow from choroidal layer into macular and lead into fluid/blood causing oedema.

21
Q

Chronic open angle glaucoma results in what

A

Gradual loss of peripheral visual fields

22
Q

GCA results in what visual problems

A

anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

23
Q

In glaucoma what happens to cup:disc ratio

A

Increases

24
Q

What medication can reduced intracranial pressure

A

Acetazolamide- a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor inhibts the production of cerbrospinal fluid

25
Q

What is the classic resting position of a third nerve palsy

A

Down and out, ptosis, proptosis and fixed pupil dilation

26
Q

What does the pupil look like in primary closed angle glaucoma

A

Fixed dilated position

27
Q

What can commonly occur after cataract surgery

A

Endopthalmitis

28
Q

What is acetazolamide and what does it do

A

A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor which reduces production of aqueous humour in the cilliary body and therefore intraocular pressure

29
Q

What imaging for suspected optic neuritis

A

MRI

30
Q

If there is an abnormally dilated pupil what term is given

A

Surgical

31
Q

Giant cell arteritis causes what visual symptoms

A

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy due to infarction of posterior ciliary arteries supplying the optic head

32
Q

Where is the visual cortex

A

Occipital lobe

33
Q

Definitive treament for closed angle glaucoma

A

Peripheral iridotomy

34
Q

What test can differentiate between episcleritis and scleritis

A

Topical phenylephrine causes blanching of eye in episcleritis not scleritis

35
Q

Describe the fundus in hypertensive retinopathy

A
  • Silver/copper wiring where arteriole walls become thickened and sclerosed
  • Arteriovenous nipping- arteries cause compression of veins
  • Cotton wool spots
  • Hard exudates
  • Retinal haemorrhages
  • Papilloedema

Keith-Wagener classification
Stage 1: Mild narrowing of the arterioles
Stage 2: Focal constriction of blood vessels and AV nicking
Stage 3: Cotton-wool patches, exudates and haemorrhages
Stage 4: Papilloedema

year 2 misc (12 decks)

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