Optho

Question 1

What is usually the causative organism of conjuctivitis?

Answer 1

Adenovirus

Question 2

Pathology affecting the parietal lobe would result in what

Answer 2

contralateral homonymous inferior quadrantinopia

Question 3

Pathology affect the parietal lobe would result in what

Answer 3

Contralateral homonymous superior quadrantinopia

Question 4

Pathology affecting the visual cortex would result in what

Answer 4

contralateral homonoymous hemoanopia (macular sparing)

Question 5

What is OCT used for

Answer 5

to distinguish between wet/dry ARMD

Question 6

What do you need to diagnose papilloedema

Answer 6

optic nerve swelling/oedema and a neurological cause causing raised ICP

Question 7

What is a manifest squint

Answer 7

when corneal reflections are assymetrical in normal gaze

Question 8

What is a convergent squint

Answer 8

When the uncovered eye moves out to take up fixation from being in a convergent position

Question 9

What causes an RAPD

Answer 9

Total retinal detachment or optic nerve damage such as advanced glaucoma, optic neuropathy or optic neuritis

Question 10

What is optic neuritis a manifestation of

Answer 10

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 11

In RAPD what nerve carries the afferent reflex

Answer 11

Optic nerve

Question 12

In RAPD, what nerve carries the efferent reflex

Answer 12

Oculomotor nerve

Question 13

If there was no consensual reflex in RAPD testing what nerve would be damaged

Answer 13

oculomotor

Question 14

Whats the 1st line treatment for anterior uveitis

Answer 14

Topical steroid eye drops eg pred or dex

Question 15

Dendritic ulcers are present in …

Answer 15

Herpes simplex keratitis

Question 16

Herpes zoster opthalmicus is what? What is the presentation

Answer 16

Re-activiation of shingles affecting the ophthalmic division of the trigmenial nerve. A dermatomal vesicular rash involving the tip of the nose

Question 17

In red eye cases what is least likely to cause pain

Answer 17

Episcleritis

Question 18

Eye lid in-turning (entropion) is a complication of what

Answer 18

Bacterial keratitis

Question 19

What does the oculomotor nerve supply

Answer 19

Parasymp innervation to the iris via the ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerve so a palsy will lead to unopposed sympathetic activity and a dilated pupil.

Question 20

In wet ARMD where does neovascularisation occur and where do they grow from

Answer 20

Grow from choroidal layer into macular and lead into fluid/blood causing oedema.

Question 21

Chronic open angle glaucoma results in what

Answer 21

Gradual loss of peripheral visual fields

Question 22

GCA results in what visual problems

Answer 22

anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

Question 23

In glaucoma what happens to cup:disc ratio

Answer 23

Increases

Question 24

What medication can reduced intracranial pressure

Answer 24

Acetazolamide- a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor inhibts the production of cerbrospinal fluid

Question 25

What is the classic resting position of a third nerve palsy

Answer 25

Down and out, ptosis, proptosis and fixed pupil dilation

Question 26

What does the pupil look like in primary closed angle glaucoma

Answer 26

Fixed dilated position

Question 27

What can commonly occur after cataract surgery

Answer 27

Endopthalmitis

Question 28

What is acetazolamide and what does it do

Answer 28

A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor which reduces production of aqueous humour in the cilliary body and therefore intraocular pressure

Question 29

What imaging for suspected optic neuritis

Answer 29

MRI

Question 30

If there is an abnormally dilated pupil what term is given

Answer 30

Surgical

Question 31

Giant cell arteritis causes what visual symptoms

Answer 31

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy due to infarction of posterior ciliary arteries supplying the optic head

Question 32

Where is the visual cortex

Answer 32

Occipital lobe

Question 33

Definitive treament for closed angle glaucoma

Answer 33

Peripheral iridotomy

Question 34

What test can differentiate between episcleritis and scleritis

Answer 34

Topical phenylephrine causes blanching of eye in episcleritis not scleritis

Question 35

Describe the fundus in hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 35

- Silver/copper wiring where arteriole walls become thickened and sclerosed - Arteriovenous nipping- arteries cause compression of veins - Cotton wool spots - Hard exudates - Retinal haemorrhages - Papilloedema Keith-Wagener classification Stage 1: Mild narrowing of the arterioles Stage 2: Focal constriction of blood vessels and AV nicking Stage 3: Cotton-wool patches, exudates and haemorrhages Stage 4: Papilloedema