ENT

Question 0

What nerve is affected In a blowout fracture?

Answer 0

Infra orbital nerve

Question 1

Double vision from a blowout fracture involves what muscle?

Answer 1

Inferior rectus

Question 2

This is a granulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland. Painless hard swelling of eyelid.

Answer 2

Chalazion treat with warm compress, topical abx, I and d.

Question 3

What Meds do you avoid in bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 3

Neomycin and steroids.

Question 4

What is hutchinsons sign?

Answer 4

Shingles in tip of nose. Refer to ophthalmologist.

Question 5

What can be seen on fluorescien stain in herpes simplex of the eye?

Answer 5

Dendritic ulcers

Question 6

What med do you give for a corneal abrasion in a contact wearer?

Answer 6

To rambling or fluroQuinolones to cover pseudomonas. Follow up in 24 hrs and no contact foR 1 week.

Question 7

What his dacryocystitis?

Answer 7

Infection of the lacrimal sac. Treat with ABX and lid hygiene.

Question 8

First test if you suspect a foreign body in the eye?

Answer 8

Visual acuity.

Question 9

What is an ophthalmic topical anesthetic?

Answer 9

Proparacaine 0.5%

Question 10

When should you remove the rust ring in an eye?

Answer 10

24 hrs

Question 11

What is normal IOP?

Answer 11

8-21 mmHg

Question 12

This presents with extreme pain, blurry vision, halos, n/v, ha, red eye with steamy cornea, no reactive pupils and a hard eye.

Answer 12

Acute glaucoma. Give IV diamox, pilocarpine, and refer.

Question 13

This is due to abnormal drainage of aqueous through the trabecular mesh work. Asymptomatic.

Answer 13

Primary open angle glaucoma.

Question 14

Treatment for primary open angle glaucoma?

Answer 14

Beta blockers, prostaglandin analogs. Referral.

Question 15

What is a hordeolum?

Answer 15

Staph infection of the meibomian gland. Stye. Treat with warm compress and topical abx.

Question 16

What is a hyphema and how do you treat it?

Answer 16

Hemorrhage into the anterior chamber. Place patient. At 45degree angle to keep RBC from staining cornea. No ASA or NSAIDs.

Question 17

This is a unilateral painful red eye, blurry vision, photophobia WITHOUT discharge.

Answer 17

Acute iritis. Refer.

Question 18

Leading cause of vision loss in the elderly.

Answer 18

Macular degeneration.

Question 19

Rapid form of macular degeneration with greater severity, hemorrhages and neovascularization.

Answer 19

Exudate be or wet.

Question 20

Slow version of macular degeneration with druses.

Answer 20

Atrophic or dry.

Question 21

Test for macular degeneration?

Answer 21

Amsler grid chart.

Question 22

This is an infection of the eyelids and peri ocular tissues, associated with a uri, sx are tearing, fever, erythema, tenderness. Visual acuity, pupil reaction and EOM are normal.

Answer 22

Periorbital cellulitis.

Question 23

this is an infection of the orbital soft tissues, posterior to the orbital septum, pain. With eye movement, decreased visual acuity, proptosis.

Answer 23

Orbital cellulitis.

Question 24

Treatment for peri orbital cellulitis?

Answer 24

Augmentin.

Question 25

Treatment for orbital cellulitis?

Answer 25

Hospital IV abx.

Question 26

Patient presents with sudden loss of vision, pain oath eye movement. Funduscopic exam shows inflammation of the optic nerve. What is dx and what is it associated with?

Answer 26

Optic neuritis. Associated with MS. Tx with steroids.

Question 27

Fleshy lesion on cornea?

Answer 27

Pterygium. Pterodactyl

Question 28

Yellow lesion on conjunctiva.

Answer 28

Pinguecula.

Question 29

Painless curtain over vision, flashers and floaters, does not resolve.

Answer 29

Retinal detachment. Refer.. Keep in supine position.

Question 30

Curtain on vision, comes and goes?

Answer 30

Amarosus fugex. Check carotids for plaques. Like TIA.

Question 31

Sudden painless profound visual loss. Swelling of retina, box car arteries and pale retina with cherry red spot. What is this?

Answer 31

Retinal artery occlusion. Immediate referral

Question 32

Vision loss with retinal hemorrhages.

Answer 32

Retinal vein occlusion.

Question 33

Vision loss with retinal hemorrhages, neovascularization, cotton wool spots?

Answer 33

Diabetic retinopathy. Yearly eye exams and control diabetes.

Question 34

Vision changes with av nicking, flame shaped hemorrhages on retina.

Answer 34

Hypertensive retinopathy.

Question 35

Absent red reflex, white pupil.

Answer 35

Retinoblastoma. Refer.

Question 36

Pathogens for acute otitis media?

Answer 36

S. Pneumo H. Flu M. CST

Question 37

Tm bullae think....

Answer 37

Mycoplasm pneumonaie.

Question 38

First line tx for AOM?

Answer 38

Amoxicillin. If PCN allergic use azithromycin

Question 39

Treatment for chronic otitis media?

Answer 39

Cipro. Drops.

Question 40

Patient presents with postsuricular pain and erythema, fever, bulging TM. Dx, treatment and test of choice?

Answer 40

Mastoiditis. CT is test of choice. Treat with IV ampicillin, surgical drainage.

Question 41

Pathogens for otitis external?

Answer 41

Pseudomonas, staph, proteus, fungi aspergillus.

Question 42

Treatment for otitis externa?

Answer 42

``` Otic aminogylcosides (neomycin, polymyxin b) Fungal Amphotericin b ```

Question 43

Episodic vertigo lasting 1-8 hrs, low frequency hearing loss and tinnitus?

Answer 43

Ménière's disease. Test with caloric testing. Treat with low salt diet, anti vertigo Meds, possible surgical decompression. Due to distention of the endolymphatic compartment of the inner ear.

Question 44

Episodic vertigo, unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus?

Answer 44

Acoustic neuroma. Benign tumor of the myelin forming cells of the vestibulocochlear nerve. CN VIII

Question 45

Acute onset of CONTINUOUS vertigo,neither hearing loss and tinnitus. Follows a URI frequently.

Answer 45

Labyrinthitis. Self limiting.

Question 46

Patient over 50 with dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, nausea. Head movement makes it worse. Last s less than 1 min. Dx, tx.

Answer 46

BPPV. Dix Hallpike test positive. Treat with Eply maneuver or watch and wait.

Question 47

Conductive hearing loss weber/rinne?

Answer 47

Weber: sound heard in ear with loss. Rinne: BC>AC

Question 48

Sensorineural loss Renne.

Answer 48

AC>BC

Question 49

Meds that cause hearing loss.

Answer 49

Aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin) Lasix Cisplatin ASA causes tinnitus.

Question 50

Acute sinusitis time for sx, most common site, and common pathogens?

Answer 50

Greater than 10 days, maxillary, s. Pneumonaie, h. Flu, m. Cat

Question 51

Test of choice for acute sinusitis?

Answer 51

CT

Question 52

Treatment for acute sinusitis?

Answer 52

Augmentin for kids and adults. Second line levo. Treat for 10-14 Days.

Question 53

Treatment length for chronic sinusitis?

Answer 53

2-3 weeks.

Question 54

Eosinophils in nasal smear?

Answer 54

Allergic rhinitis.

Question 55

Treatment for epistaxis?

Answer 55

Anterior: petroleum packing Posterior: sponge pack, balloon Tamponade Keflex, augmentin

Question 56

Why do you avoid ampicillin in EBV?

Answer 56

1. It is a virus. | 2. Causes a rash.

Question 57

Painless white patches overlying Erythematous mucosa in mouth. Easily ribbed off, no bleeding. Dx?

Answer 57

Oral candidiasis, thrush. Tx with nystatin, flucsonazole. Recurrent could mean HIV.

Question 58

Lab txt for herpes simplex?

Answer 58

Tzanck smear.

Question 59

White mouth lesion not able to scrape off and bleeds?

Answer 59

Oral leukoplakia.

Question 60

Risk factors for oral leukoplakia?

Answer 60

Tobacco, alcohol, oral infections. Get bx to rule out malignancy.

Question 61

Treatment for leukoplakia?

Answer 61

Hairy: acyclovir Normal : isotretinoin Remember to check HIV status and rule out malignancy

Question 62

Where does an peritonsillar abscess form?

Answer 62

Between anterior and posterior tonsil pillars and the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

Question 63

Patient complains of acute swelling and pain with meals and tenderness at salivary gland duct opening. Dx?

Answer 63

Sialadenitis. Massage, lemon drops and bx if needed.