ENT

Question 1

Sinusitis

Answer 1

Self-resolving

> 10days then:

1. Penicillin
2. Doxycycline (not for kids)

Question 2

Vestibular Schwannoma

Answer 2

Surgical removal

Radiation

Question 3

Cholesteatoma

Answer 3

Surgical removal

Question 4

Acute Otitis Media

inflammation of the middle ear post URTI
usually Strep pyogenes

Answer 4

Self-sesolving

If under age 2/ multiple symptoms then:

1. Amoxicillin
2. Erythromycin/ Co-amoxiclav

Clarithromycin if penicillin allergic

Question 5

Otitis Externa

inflammation of outer ear
usually Staph aureus

Answer 5

Aural toilet (ear wash out)
If persists --> Oral Flucloxacillin 
Avoid swimming
Chronic: Gentamicin 0.3% drops (Pseudomonas)
Fungus: Topical clotrimazole

Question 6

Malignant Otitis Externa

spread of infection to surrounding structures

Answer 6

Antibiotics

Surgery

Question 7

Nasal polyps

bilateral in kids= CF
unilateral= neoplasm/ foreign body

Answer 7

Avoidance of aspirin
Decongestants
Topical steroids
Surgery

Question 8

Nasal tumours

Answer 8

Excision

Question 9

Larnygeal Polyps/ Nodules

nodules: bilateral
polyps: unilateral

Answer 9

Voice therapy

Surgery

Question 10

Warthin’s Tumour

50 year old male smokers, bilateral and multicentric parotid tumour

Answer 10

Surgery

Question 11

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Answer 11

Surgery

Radiotherapy

Question 12

Cleft Palate

Answer 12

Reconstruction surgery

Question 13

Acute follicular tonsillitis

Answer 13

Centor Criteria= 3 and > then:

Penicillin

Question 14

Quinsy

peritonsillar abscess

Answer 14

Aspiration
Antibiotics
Analgesia
Steroids

Question 15

Oral Thrush

Answer 15

Nystatin

Question 16

Diptheria

Answer 16

Antitoxin and Penicillin/ Erythromycin

Question 17

Glandular Fever

Answer 17

Bed rest
Paracetamol
No sports
Corticosteroids sometimes

DONT GIVE AMOXICILLIN

Question 18

Gingivostomatitis

Answer 18

Aciclovir

Improve hygiene

Question 19

Herpangina

Vesicles on soft palate due to coxsackie enterovirus

Answer 19

Self-limiting

Question 20

Nasal Septal Haematoma

Answer 20

Aspiration

Question 21

Epistaxis

Answer 21

Apply pressure/ ice pack
Topical vasoconstrictor: lignocaine + adrenaline
Cauterise: silver nitrate/ diathermy
Rapid rhino pack

Question 22

Otitis Media with Effusion (Glue Ear)

Answer 22

<3, >3 first time: Grommet
>3 second time: Grommet + adenoidectomy
Watch waiting

Question 23

Pinna Haematoma

Answer 23

Incision and drainage

Question 24

Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo (BPPV)

Answer 24

Epley manoeuvre
Semont manoeuvre
Brandt-Deroff exercises

Question 25

Vestibular Neuronitis

Answer 25

Self-limiting

Question 26

Ménières Disease

Answer 26

``` Therapy for symptoms Diet restriction Grommet Intratympanic gentamicin/ steroid Surgery ``` During: buccal prochlorperazine Prophylaxis: Betahistine

Question 27

Migraines

Answer 27

Dark room/ sleep Paracetamol/ ibuprofen Triptans Anti-emetics

Question 28

Sensorineural Hearing loss

Answer 28

Hearing aids | Cochlear implants

Question 29

Conductive Hearing Loss

Answer 29

Surgical intervention | Treat underlying problem

Question 30

Otosclerosis abnormal growth of bone in middle ear

Answer 30

Calcium fluoride/ sodium fluoride Spadectomy Hearing aid

Question 31

Rhinitis (infectious)

Answer 31

Topical beclomethasone Cetirizine (anti-histamine) Pseudoephedrine (decongestant) Ipratropium (anti-cholinergic)

Question 32

Rhinitis (non- infectious)

Answer 32

Avoidance of allergens Decrease alcohol intake Topical beclomethasone Cetirizine (anti-histamine) Pseudoephedrine (decongestant) Ipratropium (anti-cholinergic)

Question 33

Labyrinthitis

Answer 33

Physical therapy Prochlorperazine Sometimes antihistamines