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Y2- TO LEARN > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

EBV

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2
Q

Koliocytosis

A

Squamous papilloma

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3
Q

Larynx vertebral level

A

C4-6

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4
Q

Hyoid vertebral level

A

C3

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5
Q

Mouth ulcers are caused by HPV ..?

A

HPV 1

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6
Q

Genital ulcers are caused by HPV ..?

A

HPV 1 or 2

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7
Q

Which HPV strain is associated with squamous papilloma?

A

HPV 6 + 11

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8
Q

Which HPV strain is associated with squamous cell carcinoma?

A

HPV 16

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9
Q

Which HPV strain is associated with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis?

A

HPV 6, 11, 16, 18

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10
Q

Nasal septum is which type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline

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11
Q

External ear is which type of cartilage?

A

Elastic

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12
Q

Investigation for neck lump?

A

USS +/- FNA

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13
Q

Leiomyoma is a tumour of?

A

Smooth muscle

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14
Q

What is vestibular schwannoma associated with?

A

Neurofibromatosis Type 2

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15
Q

Contents of the cavernous sinus?

A

Internal carotid artery + CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI

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16
Q

Stridor definition?

A

High pitched, harsh noise due to turbulent flow

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17
Q

Stertor definition?

A

Low pitched, sonorous noise from nasopharyngeal airway

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18
Q

How can GPA present in the nose?

A

Congestion or septal perforation

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19
Q

Histology findings of GPA?

A

Multinucleated giant cells + granulomas

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20
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

Abnormal bone growth in middle ear- leads to stapes fixation
Causes conductive hearing loss
Autosomal dominant

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21
Q

Who does otosclerosis typically present in?

A

Women, middle aged (exacerbated by pregnancy)

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22
Q

X meaning on audiometry?

A

Left air conduction (unmasked)

right is nerve wrong

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23
Q

O meaning on audiometry?

A

Right air conduction (unmasked)

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24
Q

[ meaning on audiometry?

A

Right bone conduction (masked)

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25
] meaning on audiometry?
Left bone conduction (masked)
26
Triangle meaning on audiometry?
Right air conduction (masked)
27
Square meaning on audiometry?
Left air conduction (masked)
28
< meaning on audiometry?
Right bone conduction (unmasked)
29
> meaning on audiometry?
Left bone conduction (unmasked)
30
Causes of Type C tympanometry (early peak)?
Pressure changes/ Eustachian tube dysfunction
31
Causes of Type A tympanometry?
Normal
32
Causes of Type As tympanometry? (As= shallow peak)
Otosclerosis
33
Causes of Type Ad tympanometry? (v. high peak)
Healed TM perforation (over-elasticity)
34
Causes of Type B tympanometry? (flat)
OME, perforation, cholesteatoma
35
Investigation for conductive hearing loss
CT
36
Investigation for sensorineural hearing loss
MRI
37
6Ts of referred ear pain
``` Teeth Throat Tonsil TMJ Trigeminal nerve Tongue ```
38
Nerve supply to tragus?
VAGUS
39
Nerve supply to superior ear canal?
CN V3
40
Nerve supply to inferior ear canal?
CN X
41
Nerve supply to outer tympanic membrane?
CN V3
42
Nerve supply to middle ear + inner tympanic membrane?
CN IX
43
Nerve supply to tensor tympani muscle?
CN V3 | Tensor Tympani= Trigeminal
44
Nerve supply to stapedius muscle?
CN VII | S for seven
45
Tonsil epithelium?
Specialised squamous
46
Epithelium in middle ear?
Columnar mucosa
47
Lymphatic drainage of back of ear?
Mastoid nodes--> deep cervical
48
Lymphatic drainage of front of ear?
Parotid nodes--> deep cervical
49
Duration and associations of Meniere's Disease?
Hours | Hearing loss, tinnitus, aural fullness
50
Duration and associations of Labyrinthitis?
Days-weeks | Hearing loss, tinnitus
51
Duration and associations of Vestibular neuronitis?
Days-weeks | No associations
52
If Weber's test is louder in right ear?
Right ear= conductive loss OR Left ear= sensorineural loss
53
Function of cricothyroid muscles?
Tenses vocal ligament | Higher voice
54
Function of posterior crico-arytenoid muscles?
Abduct cords | Louder voice
55
Function of lateral crico-arytenoid muscles?
Adduct cords | Quieter voice
56
Function of thyroarytenoid muscles?
Relax vocal ligament | Lower voice
57
Function of arytenoid muscles?
Adducts vocal ligaments | Quieter voice
58
How often are chemoreceptors in taste buds replaced?
10 days
59
How often are olfactory receptors replaced?
2 months
60
Treatment of candida sore throat?
Nystatin
61
Nasal polyps in children?
CF
62
Nasal polyps treatment?
Steroids | Surgery
63
Most common nose cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma
64
Boggy swelling?
Septal haematoma
65
Longitudinal temporal bone fractures associations?
Lateral blows | CONDUCTIVE loss
66
Transverse temporal bone fractures associations?
Frontal blows | SENSORINEURAL loss
67
Diagnosis of BPPV?
Dix-Hallpike test
68
6Ds of ear disease?
``` Dizziness Discharge Discomfort Deafness Defect in facial nerve DinDin (tinnitus) ```
69
What is chronic otitis media?
Long-standing, persistent draining through perforation + chronic inflammation (>6 weeks) Associated with severe conductive loss
70
First line for OME?
MONITOR for 3 months
71
Centor criteria?
``` No cough Fever Exudates Tender anterior cervical nodes <15 or >44 ```
72
Classic triad in infective mononucleosis?
Lymphadenopathy Fever Sore Throat
73
Diagnosis of infective mononucleosis?
abnormal lymphocytes in blood IgM EBV antigens
74
Cause of infective rhinosinusitis?
VIRAL

Y2- TO LEARN (6 decks)

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