ENT

Question 1

Why is a button battery in the ear an emergency?

Answer 1

Disruption of mucosa

Question 2

When you someone get water into their ear with a ruptured TM?

Answer 2

Not until closure

Question 3

Which type of vertigo has suppression with fixation: central or peripheral

Answer 3

Peripheral

Question 4

What are the D’s of central vertigo?

Answer 4

• Diplopia
• Dysarthria
• Dysmetria
• Dysdiadochokinesia

Question 5

What are the three components of Meniere’s disease?

Answer 5

• Progressive hearing loss
• Vertigo
• Tinnitus

Question 6

What is blepharitis? Treatment?

Answer 6

• Inflammation of the eyelid

- Gentle lid scrubs, topical abx if severe

Question 7

What is a hordeolum? Treatment?

Answer 7

• Painful abscess of the eyelid

- Topical abx ointment, warm compresses

Question 8

What is a chalazion? Treatment?

Answer 8

• Chronic, internal granulomatous rxn in the eyelid

- Warm compresses, refer to ophthalmologist

Question 9

How can you differentiate between gonococcal conjunctivitis vs other bacterial causes? How does treatment differ?

Answer 9

• Gonococcal = extremely purulent (waterfall of pus)

- Topical and systemic abx

Question 10

What is iritis/uveitis/choroiditis?

Answer 10

Inflammation of the choroid body from trauma, infx, or autoimmune etiology

Question 11

Is there discharge with iritis? How does the eye redness differ with iritis vs conjunctivitis?

Answer 11

No

-Iritis has ciliary flush, no conjunctival injection

Question 12

What is the treatment for iritis? (3)

Answer 12

Dilate pupil, steroids, analgesics

Question 13

How does a subconjunctival hemorrhage present? Treatment?

Answer 13

• Painless hemorrhage of the eye, with a sharp demarcation at the limbus
• Reassurance

Question 14

What is dacryocystitis?

Answer 14

Inflammation/infection of the lacrimal sac, can be associated with cellulitis

Question 15

What is the treatment for dacryocystitis?

Answer 15

• Warm compresses

- Abx

Question 16

What test should be ordered if you suspect a FB penetrated the globe?

Answer 16

CT with orbits

Question 17

What is keratitis?

Answer 17

Diffuse, superficial punctate keratitis

Question 18

How often does conjunctivitis accompany orbital cellulitis?

Answer 18

Should not

Question 19

What is a hypopyon?

Answer 19

WBCs in the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 20

What is the most common precipitating factor of endophthalmitis?

Answer 20

Ocular surgery

Question 21

What is the treatment for endophthalmitis?

Answer 21

Intraocular and systemic abx

Question 22

What is the most common complication of a hyphema?

Answer 22

Rebleeding, which is usually worse than initial bleed

Question 23

What is the treatment for a hyphema? (4)

Answer 23

• Bed rest with head elevated
• Analgesics
• Cycloplegics
• reverse coagulation

Question 24

What is the treatment for an “8-ball” hyphema?

Answer 24

Surgery

Question 25

What is the treatment/workup for a globe rupture? (3)

Answer 25

- Hard shield - Abx, tetanus - CT head

Question 26

What is the treatment for pingueculitis?

Answer 26

Replace tears | -Ophtho referral

Question 27

What is the treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma?

Answer 27

- IV carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - Beta-blocker ggt - osmotic diuresis

Question 28

What are the s/sx of optic neuritis?

Answer 28

Sudden, reduced vision, painful eye movements

Question 29

Which artery is usually responsible for a posterior bleed?

Answer 29

Sphenopalatine artery

Question 30

What is the disposition for a posterior bleed?

Answer 30

Admission for airway and cardiac monitoring

Question 31

What is the treatment for sialolithiasis/sialadenitis?

Answer 31

- abx if infected. | - Sialogogues

Question 32

What are the three general/broad etiologies of parotitis?

Answer 32

- infectious - Blockage - Autoimmune

Question 33

What is a periapical abscess of the tooth?

Answer 33

Abscess at the bottom-most portion (apex) of the tooth

Question 34

What is pulpitis?

Answer 34

Cellulitis of the tooth that leads to an apical abscess

Question 35

What is a periodontal abscess?

Answer 35

Abscess around the tooth, really a gingival abscess, not an abscess of the tooth itself

Question 36

What is pericoronitis?

Answer 36

Abscess around the tooth

Question 37

What is the major risk associated with abscesses on the upper part of the mouth?

Answer 37

Can spread to the infraorbital space, progressing to cavernous sinus thrombosis

Question 38

What is the treatment for infraorbital space abscesses?

Answer 38

Pull tooth

Question 39

What is alveolar osteitis?

Answer 39

Dry socket--clot falls off of an open socket, causing a localized osteomyelitis