Renal

Question 1

What is the most common cause of intrinsic renal failure? What are the four major causes of this?

Answer 1

• ATN
• ischemic or nephrotoxins
• metabolic (hypercalcemia)
• Crystals

Question 2

What will be present in the UA with glomerulonephritis?

Answer 2

RBC casts

Question 3

True or false: poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is prevented if strep is treated

Answer 3

False

Question 4

True or false: poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis cannot be causes by skin infections with strep

Answer 4

False

Question 5

What problem are patients with nephrotic syndrome at increased risk of developing?

Answer 5

thrombosis

Question 6

What are the three major drug classes that cause acute interstitial nephritis?

Answer 6

PCNs
Diuretics
NSAIDs

Question 7

What are the systemic s/sx of acute interstitial glomerulonephritis?

Answer 7

Rash, fever

Eosinophilia

Question 8

What would you see on a UA with prerenal disease?

Answer 8

Hyaline casts, high SG

Question 9

What will you see on a UA with intrinsic/renal disease?

Answer 9

Granular casts

Question 10

What is the FeNa for prerenal and renal causes of AKI?

Answer 10

Prerenal = less than 1%
Renal = more than 1%

Question 11

What is the urine sodium for prerenal vs renal causes of AKI?

Answer 11

Less than 20 for prerenal

More than 40 for renal causes

Question 12

What might RBCs on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?

Answer 12

Glomerulonephritis or vasculitis

Question 13

What might WBC casts on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?

Answer 13

Pyelonephritis or AIN

Question 14

What might granular casts or renal tubular epithelial cells on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?

Answer 14

ATN

Question 15

What might hyaline casts on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?

Answer 15

Pre or post renal causes of AKI

Question 16

What might oxalic acid crystals on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?

Answer 16

Ethylene glycol

Question 17

What might oval or fatty casts on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?

Answer 17

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 18

What is the classic triad of symptoms for HUS?

Answer 18

AKI
Thrombocytopenia
Hemolytic anemia

Question 19

What is Ca indicated for the treatment of hyperK?

Answer 19

If there is QRS widening

Question 20

What must be checked when dealing with a bleeding AV fistula?

Answer 20

Platelets, coags

Question 21

What should you think of with persistent flank pain and fever in an immunocompromised patient? (2)

Answer 21

• Perinephric abscess

- Emphysematous pyelonephritis

Question 22

What other condition is associated with polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 22

Cerebral aneurysms

Question 23

What is the causative agent of lymphogranuloma venereum?

Answer 23

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 24

What does LGV infection look like?

Answer 24

Painless herpes like lesions with inguinal LAD (“buboes”)

Question 25

What is the treatment for LGV?

Answer 25

Doxycycline x3 weeks

Question 26

What is the causative agent of chancroid?

Answer 26

Haemophilus ducreyi

Question 27

What is the presentation of chancroid?

Answer 27

Painful papules on the genitalia that ulcerate with LAD

Question 28

What is the treatment for chancroid?

Answer 28

regular STD treatment

Question 29

What is the causative agent of granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)?

Answer 29

Klebsiella

Question 30

How does granuloma inguinale present?

Answer 30

Chronic, painless, progressive ulcers without LAD

Question 31

What is the treatment for granuloma inguinale?

Answer 31

doxycycline x3 weeks

Question 32

BIlateral testicular swelling = what infectious disease until proven otherwise?

Answer 32

Mumps

Question 33

What type of catheter should be used in a patient with prostatitis who is obstructed?

Answer 33

suprapubic

Question 34

Which priapism type is ischemic: low flow or high flow? Which if painful?

Answer 34

Low flow for both

Question 35

True or false: high flow priapism is not an emergency

Answer 35

True-ish

Question 36

What is the major cause of high flow priapism?

Answer 36

AV fistula

Question 37

When is ice contraindicated to treat priapism?

Answer 37

Sickle cell disease