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Path E2 > Environmental > Flashcards

Environmental Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Chemical agents _____ account for over ___%

A

Children 60%

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2
Q

CLADME

A 
Concentration
Liberations
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
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3
Q

Minor ADR

A

Rashes GI upset

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4
Q

Major ADR

A

Anaphylaxis
Blood clots
Arrhythmia

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5
Q

Aspirin

A

May be accidental or intentional

Kids 2-4 gms

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6
Q

Acetaminophen

A

OD with large ingestion 15-20 gms causes liver damage may result in liver failure/death

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7
Q

Injury by therapeutic agents: Exogenous estrogens

A

Treatment of menopause

Long term use resulted in breast cancer strokes and blood clots

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8
Q

Non-Therapeutic Agents: Lead-competes with?

A

85% of Pb is taken up by bones and developing teeth-competes with Ca and interferes with remodeling process

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9
Q

Gingival hyperpigmentation

A

Lead line of soft tissue

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10
Q

Lead _____ incorporation of ____ into hemoglobin

A

Blocks

Fe

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11
Q

Lead: GI tract

A

Colicky pain

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12
Q

Lead: Kidneys

A

Damages tubules fibrosis perhaps even renal failure

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13
Q

CDC guidelines for Pb threshold

A

> 5 ug/dL

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14
Q

Sedative hypnotic

A

EtOH
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines

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15
Q

CNS stimulants

A

Cocaine

Amphetamiens

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16
Q

Opioids

A 
Heroin 
Morphine 
Methadone
Codeine
Fentanyl
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17
Q

Hallucinogens

A

LSD
PCP
MEscaline
MDMA

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18
Q

Inhalants

A 
Glue
Toluene
Paint thinner
Gasoline
Amyl nitrate
Nitrous oxide
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19
Q

Nonprescription drugs of abuse

A

analgesics
Antihistamines
Scopolamine
Atropine

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20
Q

Club drugs such as _____ can cause _____

A

Methamphetamines MDMA ecstasy LSD Rohyponol

Bruxism

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21
Q

Burns-% body surface

A 
Head and Neck
Trunk front
Trunk back
Arms
Hands
Legs
Perineum
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22
Q

Rules of 9

A 
Head and Neck 9%
Trunk front 18%
Trunk back 18%
Arms 9% each
Hands 1% each
Legs 18% each
Perineum  1%
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23
Q

> 50% burn surface area

A

Grave prognosis

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24
Q

Shock common when BSA is

A

20%+

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25
Shock from burns includes
Massive fluid shifts-hypovolemia Infections-candida Electrolyte and nutrition -hypermetabolic
26
Heat stroke
Temps 40*C+ peripheral vasodilation confusions coma ischemia muscle necrosis HIGH MORTALITY RATE
27
Heat exhaustion
Shock due tor paid hypovolemia usually recover spontaneously
28
Heat cramps
Related to exercise with loss of fluids and electrolytes
29
Hypothermia mild core temp
32-35 89-95
30
Hypothermia moderate core temp
And 28-32C 82-89 F
31
Hypothermia severe core temp
<28*C 82* F
32
Radiation indirect damage
Production of free radial also that can damage membranes nuclei acids and enzymes
33
Gray
Unit that expresses the amount of energy absorbed by target tissue
34
Radiation after 2-3 days
Erythema
35
Radiation after 2-3 weeks
edema
36
Radiation after 4-6 weeks
Blistering desqumation
37
Radiation after months to years
Atrophy Fibrosis Neoplasia
38
______ tissues are very sensitive
Lymphoid/hematopoietic
39
Radiation injuries to lymp tissue
Lymphocytes decreases in hours weeks to rebound Lymph nodes shrink PMNs decrease over 1-2 weeks rebound in 2-3 months
40
Radiation affects to RBC
Platelets and RBC decrease and take very long to rebound
41
Radiation: Gonads
sterility
42
Radiation: lungs
Sensitive vascularity pulmonary congestion edema ARDS
43
Radiation: GI tract
very sensitive ulcers strictures later increase cancer risk
44
Radiation: endothelial cells
Injury fibrosis ischemia
45
Lethal range of radiation
About 2 Sv 7Sv death is certain without treatment
46
Acute Radiation Syndromes
Hematopoietic GI Cerebral
47
Acute Radiation Syndromes: Hematopoietic
2-10 Sv Decrease WBC Hair loss Infection sepsis Death 2-6 weeks
48
Acute Radiation Syndromes: GI
``` 10-20 Sv Vomiting Bloody diarrhea Shock Spies Death 5-14 days ```
49
Acute Radiation Syndromes: Cerebral
> 50 Sv ``` Listlesness Drowsiness Seizures Coma Death 1-4 hours ```
50
Nutritional disease are related to both ______ and _____ aspects of diet
Qualitative | Quantitative
51
Secondary Malnutiorn
Supply is Ok problem is with absorption storage utilization excessive losses or drug effects
52
Primary malnutrition
Diet is deficient
53
Protein Energy Malnutrition disorders
Marasmus Kwashiorkor 25% children affected
54
2 functional protein compartment s
Somatic | Visceral
55
Somatic protein compartments
Skeletal muscle more severely affected in marasmus
56
Visceral protein compartments
Liver more severely affected in Kwashiorkor
57
When child weight falls to <60% normal child has
Marasmus
58
Marasmus
Deficiency of caloric intake Catabolizes proteins for energy Somatic compartments depleted Head too large
59
Marasmus deficiencies
T cells Serum albumin relatively normal
60
Kwashiorkor have greater deficiency of
Protein than total calories; more severe than marasmus Visceral protein compartment depleted
61
Why is weight in kwashiorkor misleading
Severe edema 60-80% of normal
62
Kwashiorkor symptoms
Skin changes flaky paint Changes in hair texture Enlarged liver
63
Cachexia
Form of PEM seen in cancer patients Increased catabolism
64
Increased catabolism is cytokines mediated
IL1 IL 6 TNF
65
Fat soluble vitamins
A,D,E,K
66
Fat soluble vitamins require
Healthy intestinal mucosa bile and pancreatic secretions for absorption
67
What vitamins are more readily stored in body tissue
Fat soluble over water soluble
68
Vitamin A found to prevent
Night blindness
69
3 active forms of Vitamin A
Retinol Retinal Retinoic acid
70
Vitamin A stored
In liver for 6-12 months
71
What is released with vitamin a
retinol binding protein
72
______ found in yellow and leafy green veggies and some animal produces
B carotenes
73
Vitamin A functions
Maintain vision in reduce light Augments differentiation fo specialized epithelial cells Enhances immunity to infections
74
Early sign of Vitamin A deficiency
Night blindness
75
Persistent vitamin A deficiency
dry eyes can to lead to corneal damage
76
Vitamin A deficiency of respiratory and urinary
squamous metaplasia Increased risk for infections and stones

Path E2 (7 decks)

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