Red Blood Cell Disorders

Question 1

Anemia is the reduction in _____ and impaired _____

Answer 1

Red cell mass

Tissue oxygenation

Question 2

Anemia mechanism

Answer 2

RBC loss
Decreased RBC survival
Decreased RBC production

Question 3

Lab tests for anemia

Answer 3

RBC count
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Mean cell volume

Question 4

Acute Hemorrhage

Answer 4

Rapid loss of 2000ml producing shock

Question 5

Loss of 1000ml of blood

Answer 5

Minimal symptoms

Question 6

Chronic hemorrhage

Answer 6

Rate of RBC loss exceeds the rate of regeneration

-usually secondary to GI bleeding or mens

Question 7

Where does extravascular hemolysis occur

Answer 7

Within reticuloendothelial system; tissue macrophages of the spleen and liver

Question 8

Intravascular hemolysis

Answer 8

Immune-transfusion reaction

Non-immune- mechanical trauma

Question 9

Intravascular hemolysis there is a decreased

Answer 9

Haptoglobin
Hemoglobinemia
Hemogloinuria
Hemosidernirai
Hyperbilrubinemia
Reticulotcytosis

Question 10

Non-immune extravascular hemolysis

Answer 10

RBC membrane defects
Hemoglobipathies
Metabolic defects

Question 11

Hereditarily spherocytosis

Answer 11

Abnormality of spectrin a structural protein of the red cell cytoskeleton cant squeeze through sinusoids

Question 12

Hemoglobin s

Answer 12

Single base pair amino acid substitution a position 6 in bra chain

Question 13

In sickle cell anemia low oxygen tension induces

Answer 13

Hemoglobin s polymerization and a sickle cell shape

Question 14

Sickle cell characteristics

Answer 14

Rigid and prone to splenic sequestration

Question 15

Thalassemia is the quantitative defect in

Answer 15

The synthesis of alpha or beta globin chains

Question 16

Type of mutation I. Thalassemia

Answer 16

Point mutation

Gene deletion

Question 17

Thalassemia will have decreased______ and ineffective_______

Answer 17

Decreased globin production

Ineffective erythropoiesis in bone marrow

Question 18

What 2 diseases are protective against malaria

Answer 18

Heterozygous malaria

Thalassemia

Question 19

G6PD

Answer 19

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Question 20

G6PD red blood cells susceptible to

Answer 20

Oxidant injury usually precipitated by drugs or infections

Question 21

In G6PD oxidized hemoglobin

Answer 21

Denatures precipitates and attaches to the rd cell membrane

Question 22

Bite cells

Answer 22

Cytomorphologic hallmark of G6PD

Question 23

Hemolytic Disease of the newborn occurs

Answer 23

In utero

Question 24

Hemolytic Disease of the newborn incompatibility between

Answer 24

Blood groups mother:fetus

Question 25

Hemolytic Disease of the newborn fetus receives RBC antigens from

Answer 25

Father Fetal red blood cells enter the maternal circulation resulting in sensitization

Question 26

Maternal ____ can cross the placenta

Answer 26

IgG

Question 27

_____ and _____ antigens are the most common

Answer 27

ABO and Rh

Question 28

Anti-D is given to

Answer 28

Group O negative mothers routinely

Question 29

_ and _ infants of Group O mother are also at risk

Answer 29

A and B

Question 30

Hemolytic transfusion reaction follows transion of _____ incompatible rbs into a sensitized patient

Answer 30

ABO

Question 31

Ab binds to transfused cells with__________

Answer 31

Complement actiavation, intravascular lysis of RBCs

Question 32

Spherocytes is a hallmark of

Answer 32

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 33

Positive direct Coomb’s test

Answer 33

Autoimmune hemolysis

Question 34

Antibody coated cells can be removed by __________ and/or ___________

Answer 34

Intravascular hemolysis Extravascular hemolysis

Question 35

Extravascular hemolysis of antibody coated cells

Answer 35

Removed by reticuloendothelial system

Question 36

Intravascular hemolysis of antibody coated cells

Answer 36

Lysed via complement activation

Question 37

Cardiac Valve Prosthesis

Answer 37

RBCs fragmented by increased turbulence from abnormal cardiac valves

Question 38

DIC

Answer 38

RBCs lysed as they pass through fibrin clots/strands in the micro circulation

Question 39

Schistocytes

Answer 39

RBC fragments Indicated hemolysis due to mechanical trauma

Question 40

Decread Red Cell production from nutritional deficiencies

Answer 40

Iron deficiency B12 and folate deficiency

Question 41

Reasons for Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 41

Inadequate intake Increased Demans Increased loss

Question 42

Megaloblastic Anemia most common cause

Answer 42

Folate and B12 deficiency - involved in synthesis of thymidine - impaired DNA synthesis deadly in mitosis division

Question 43

Megaloblastic Anemia _____ does not mature appropriately ____ proceeds normally

Answer 43

Nucleus Cytoplasmic

Question 44

Megaloblastic Anemia cells are

Answer 44

Abnormally large precursors —> decreased mature red blood cell production Severe will affect white cell and platelet

Question 45

Folate Deficiency

Answer 45

In fresh vegetables Need more in pregnancy small amount stored in body

Question 46

B12 deficiency.

Answer 46

In animal food Body stores are large

Question 47

Pernicious Anemia

Answer 47

Caused by autoantibodies to partially cells and intrinsic factor

Question 48

Aplastic Anemia

Answer 48

Pancytopenia with markedly decreased bone marrow cellularity

Question 49

Aplastic anemia acquired stem cell defect with

Answer 49

Decreased production fo all types of blood cells | -suppression of stem cells by T lymphocytes

Question 50

Myelophthisic Anemia

Answer 50

Bone marrow replaced by tumors or fibrosis Teardrop RBCs

Question 51

Polycythemia

Answer 51

Increased Red cell mass

Question 52

Relative polycythemia

Answer 52

Dehydration diarrhea

Question 53

Absolute polycythemia

Answer 53

Primary -neoplasticism proliferation of red cells Secondary- increas erythropoietin production