Pulmonary

Question 1

Hemoptysis

Answer 1

Coughing up blood

Question 2

Dyspnea

Answer 2

Difficulty breathing

Shortness of breath

Question 3

Atelectasis

Answer 3

Collapse of lung volume

Question 4

Pneumothorax

Answer 4

Air in the pleural space or cavity leads to collapse of the lung

Question 5

Emphysema

Answer 5

Suppurations in pleural cavity

Question 6

Pleural effusion

Answer 6

Fluid in the pleural space

Question 7

Pulmonary edema

Answer 7

Accumulation of fluid in the lungs first in the interstitial tissues then ultimately filling up the distal air spaces

Question 8

Pulmonary edema

Answer 8

Increased intravascular pressure
Hypoproetinemia (low protein)
Vascular damage (infections autoimmune diseases)

Question 9

Pulmonary Thromboemboli

Answer 9

Usually from the deep veins of the legs or pelvic veins

Question 10

Saddle embolus

Answer 10

Very large emboli lodge at the bifurcation of pulmonary artery’s and can cause sudden death

Question 11

Obstructive pulmonary diseases is a group of disease

Answer 11

That result in airflow limitation or obstruction

-overlap is common

Question 12

COPD

Answer 12

Emphysema/chronic bronchitis

Question 13

Emphysema is the permanent

Answer 13

Enlargement of the distal small air spaces due to destruction of alveolar septal walls

Question 14

Emphysema clinically

Answer 14

Suspend
Cough
Prolonged exhalation —pink puffers

Question 15

Emphysema is an imbalance between

Answer 15

Protease and anti-protease enzymes

Question 16

Emphysema: Centriacinar

Answer 16

Involves the central portion of the acini usually affects upper lobes
-most often related to smoking

Question 17

Emphysema: Panacinar

Answer 17

Involves the entire acinar unit from the respiratory bronchioles to terminal alveoli usually affects lower lobes
-patients with a1-AT deficiency

Question 18

Chronic bronchitis is defined as

Answer 18

Cough+ sputum for 3 consecutive months

Question 19

Blue bloaters

Answer 19

Chronic bronchitis

Hypoexmia, cyanosis

Question 20

In chronic bronchitis there is an increased

Answer 20

Mucus gland layer, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and narrowing of the airways

Question 21

Bronchiectasis

Answer 21

Chronic infection with permanent major airway dilation secondary to obstruction infection or both

Question 22

Bronchiectasis pathology

Answer 22

Dilated distal bronchi and bronchioles

Chronic infection with inflammation and purulence

Question 23

Asthma is increased

Answer 23

Irritability and prominence of smooth muscle in bronchi and bronchioles

Question 24

What is noticeable about asthma

Answer 24

Reversible episodes

Question 25

Asthma initiating factors

Answer 25

Allergies infections exercise drugs emotions

Question 26

Atopic Asthma

Answer 26

Allergic extrinsic -Type I hypersensitivity IgE

Question 27

Non-Atopic Asthma

Answer 27

Intrinsic | May be initiated by viruses or air pollutants

Question 28

Asthma has inflammation with

Answer 28

Eosinophils and type 2 helper T cells

Question 29

Asthma antigens binds to surface of _____ on _____ relabeling large number of mediations including _______

Answer 29

IgE on mast cells Histamine and leukotrienes