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EDN LECTURE FINALS > Environmental Ems (Heat Exhaustion, Frostbite, Hypothermia) > Flashcards

Environmental Ems (Heat Exhaustion, Frostbite, Hypothermia) Flashcards

1
Q

An increase in UO due to peripheral vasoconstriction.

A

Cold Diuresis

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2
Q

_____ may be extremely difficult to hear because cold tissue conducts sound waves poorly.

A

BP reading

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3
Q

Start IV with _____; _____ is not recommended

A

PNSS; PLR

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4
Q

There is a history of gradual onset, skin appears red, numbness and/or pain sensation.

A

Frostnip

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5
Q

It is caused by shutdown or failure of the heat regulating mechanism of the body.

A

Heat Stroke

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6
Q

_____ is not recommended for rewarming.

A

Dry Heat

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7
Q

Fruity or acetone odor breathe due to metabolizing ___ as a result of ___ insulin levels.

A

fats; decreased

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8
Q

True or False: If clothing is frozen, they should be left on and removed after rewarming.

A

True

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9
Q

Frostnip may be treated by placing a _____over the chilled area.

A

warm hand

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10
Q

Passive External, Active External, or Active Core

Provide warm fluids to drink.

A

Passive External Rewarming

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11
Q

_____ rewarming is less effective and may increase tissue damage.

A

Slow

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12
Q

Reduce the internal core temperature to _____ as rapidly as possible.

A

102⁰F (38.9⁰C)

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13
Q

A very cold heart is susceptible to _____; conversely, they do not respond to drugs and defibrillation.

A

ventricular fibrillation

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14
Q

Passive External, Active External, or Active Core

Warm mediastinal irrigation through open thoracotomy

A

Active Core Rewarming

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15
Q

Extreme caution should be used in moving, transporting, and intubation of hypothermic patients because the heart is near _____.

A

fibrillation threshold

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16
Q

It is a condition in which the core internal temperature of the body is less than 95⁰F (35⁰C) as a result of exposure to cold.

A

Hypothermia

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17
Q

It is the inadequacy or the collapse of peripheral circulation due to volume and electrolyte depletion.

A

Heat Exhaustion

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18
Q

Hyperthermia may recur spontaneously within _____.

A

3-4 hours

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19
Q

It is a trauma due to exposure to freezing temperatures that cause actual freezing of the tissue fluids in the cell and intracellular spaces, resulting in vascular damage.

A

Frostbite

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20
Q

Passive External, Active External, or Active Core

Warm water immersion

A

Active External Rewarming

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21
Q

For temperature below 28⁰C

A

Active Core Rewarming

22
Q

Rewarming is complete when the area is:

A

Warm to touch
Pink or flushed

23
Q

It is a complication of heatstroke.

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

24
Q

_______: incision through the eschar
_______: incision in the fascia to release pressure on the muscles, nerves, blood vessels.

A

Escharotomy
Fasciotomy

25
Q

Initial _____ followed by slow shallow
respirations.

A

tachypnea

26
Q

If temperature fails to decrease, initiate core cooling by:

A

Iced saline lavage
Cool fluid peritoneal dialysis
Cool fluid bladder irrigation.

27
Q

Advise patient not to use tobacco because of the _____ effects of nicotine, which further reduce the already deficient blood supply to injured tissues.

A

vasoconstrictive

28
Q

Passive External, Active External, or Active Core

Cardiopulmonary bypass

A

Active Core Rewarming

29
Q

If body temperature fall below ____, the heart sounds may not be audible even if the heart is still beating.

A

30⁰C

30
Q

_____ is the most efficient. Spray tepid water on the skin while electric fans are used to blow continuously.

A

Evaporative Cooling

31
Q

Large blisters may develop in _____ after rewarming; these blisters should not be _____.

A

1 hour to a few days; broken

32
Q

Encourage hourly active motion of the affected digits:

A

to promote maximum restoration of function
to prevent contractures

33
Q

Passive External, Active External, or Active Core

Inhalation of warmed, humidified oxygen by mask or ventilator

A

Active Core Rewarming

34
Q

Provide insulation by wrapping the patient in several blankets.

A

Passive External Rewarming

35
Q

The body will attempt to produce or conserve more heat by:

A

a. Shivering
b. Peripheral vasoconstriction
c. Raising the basal metabolic rate

36
Q

Do not rub or massage a frostbitten extremity. The ice crystals in the tissue will _____ delicate tissues.

A

lacerate

37
Q

Untreated heat exhaustion may lead to _____.

A

heat stroke

38
Q

Medications for heat exhaustion:

A

KCl (Potassium Chloride) for hypokalemia
Sodium bicarbonate to correct metabolic acidosis
Diazepam for seizures

39
Q

Progressive deterioration marked by:

A

Apathy
Poor judgment
Ataxia
Dysarthria
Drowsiness
Coma

40
Q

Warm water immersion

A

Active External Rewarming

41
Q

_____ may be suppressed if temperature if temperature falls below 32.2⁰C.

A

Shivering

42
Q

In heat exhaustion and heat stroke, what do we instruct patient to do?

A

Increase fluid intake
Wear loose clothing
Avoid immediate reexposure to high temperature

43
Q

Use a _____ to prevent contact with bedding if feet are involved

A

foot cradle

44
Q

Refreezing of a partially thawed extremity:

A

reverses ice crystal formation in tissues
increases tissue damage and loss

45
Q

On palpation, the skin will feel stiff, but the underlying tissue will be pliable, soft, and have its normal bounce.

A

Superficial Frostbite

46
Q

Apply ice packs to

A

Neck
Groin
Axillae
Scalp

47
Q

True or False: Immersion in cold water is contraindicated.

A

False; indicated

48
Q

The affected part is completely insensitive to touch.

A

Deep Frostbite

49
Q

Passive External, Active External, or Active Core

Provide external heat like warm hot water bottles to armpits, groin, neck.

A

Active External Rewarming

50
Q

Rewarming procedure may take _____.

A

20-30 minutes

51
Q

_____ for the affected extremity – to aid circulation, debride dead tissue, and help prevent infection.

A

Whirlpool bath

EDN LECTURE FINALS (11 decks)

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