Trauma Emergencies (Blast Injuries, Eye Injuries, & Near Drowning)

Question 1

Injury from projectiles [bomb fragments, flying debris]

Answer 1

Secondary Blast Injuries

Question 2

If eye is irritated due to dust or debris, _____.

Answer 2

flush with clean water

Question 3

Aspiration (Wet Drowning) occurs in how many percent of victims?

Answer 3

85%

Question 4

Assessment in eye injuries

Answer 4

Immediate pain
Vision changes
Redness
Visible foreign material in the eye

Question 5

[Eye Injuries] Activate emergency response if with serious problems to prevent _____.

Answer 5

permanent vision loss

Question 6

Changes in the character of lung surfactant result in exudation of protein rich plasma in the alveoli. Thus, increased permeability happens leading to pulmonary edema and hypoxemia.

Answer 6

Freshwater Aspiration

Question 7

If with _____, protect both eyes with a
bandage or eye shield.

Answer 7

bleeding

Question 8

The hypertonicity of sea water exerts an osmotic force, which pulls fluid from pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli. The resulting intrapulmonary shunt causes hypoxemia.

Answer 8

Saltwater Aspiration

Question 9

Examples are penetrating trauma, fragmentation injuries, blunt trauma

Answer 9

Secondary Blast Injuries

Question 10

The victim doesn’t aspirate fluid but suffers respiratory obstruction or asphyxia.

Answer 10

Dry Near Drowning

Question 11

If with penetrating eye injury, cover the eyes with a _____ with sterile bandages around.

Answer 11

plastic glass

Question 12

The victim suffers recurrence of respiratory distress (usually aspiration pneumonia or pulmonary edema) within minutes or 2 days after a near-drowning accident.

Answer 12

Secondary Near Drowning

Question 13

It refers to the injuries sustained from a blast wave from high explosives that can cause multisystem trauma.

Answer 13

Blast Injuries

Question 14

Examples are TM rupture, pulmonary damage and air embolization, hollow viscus injury

Answer 14

Primary Blast Injuries

Question 15

Drug for acidosis

Answer 15

Sodium Bicarbonate

Question 16

How many of the initial casualties do we expect to seek medical care over a one-hour period?

Answer 16

Half

Question 17

Injuries from displacement of victim by the blast wind

Answer 17

Tertiary Blast Injuries

Question 18

Laryngospasm (Dry Drowning) occurs in how many percent of victims?

Answer 18

15%

Question 19

Risk Factors for near drowning:

Answer 19

Hypothermia
Inability to swim
Diving accidents
Alcohol and drug ingestion
Exhaustion

Question 20

_____ and _____ are the primary
problems in the victims of near drowning

Answer 20

Hypoxemia; acidosis

Question 21

All other injuries from the blast

Answer 21

Quaternary Blast Injuries

Question 22

A near drowning victim’s ABG reveals:

Answer 22

Hypercarbia
Hypoxemia
Metabolic acidosis

Question 23

It refers to surviving, temporarily, at least the physiologic effects of decreased oxygen in blood (hypoxemia) and acidosis that result from submersion in fluid.

Answer 23

Near Drowning

Question 24

Injury from over-pressurization force [blast wave] impacting the body surface.

Answer 24

Primary Blast Injuries

Question 25

The victim aspirates fluid and suffers asphyxia or secondary changes due to fluid aspirations.

Answer 25

Wet Near Drowning

Question 26

In near drowning, ECG may show cardiac arrhythmias which are usually secondary to ____, ____ or ____.

Answer 26

hypothermia, acidosis, hypoxemia

Question 27

Can result from direct blow, foreign bodies, or inadvertent scratching.

Answer 27

Eye Injuries

Question 28

All bomb events have the potential for ___ and/or ___ contamination.

Answer 28

Chemical, Radiological

Question 29

What forces an individual to inhale leading to aspiration (wet drowning)?

Answer 29

Reflex Mechanism

Question 30

If _____, it should be flushed with copious amount of water.

Answer 30

chemical exposure to the eye

Question 31

Examples are blunt/penetrating trauma, fractures, and traumatic amputations

Answer 31

Tertiary Blast Injuries

Question 32

Particulate matter such as sand or mud, chemical irritants, gastric contents that can be aspirated along with water may result in _____.

Answer 32

pneumonia

Question 33

Examples are crush injuries, burns, asphyxia, exacerbation of chronic illness

Answer 33

Quaternary Blast Injuries