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EDN LECTURE FINALS > Toxicologic Emergencies > Flashcards

Toxicologic Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

It occurs as a result of an extreme decrease in venous return from the vasodilation and lowered intravascular volume, which results in severe cardiorespiratory compromise.

A

Anaphylactic Shock

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2
Q

An example of a poisonous gas

A

Carbon Monoxide

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3
Q

A purgative/osmotic laxative that acts as a detoxifying antidote.

A

Sodium Sulfate

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4
Q

Small, brightly colored with short fangs and teeth behind them.

A

Coral Snakes

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5
Q

Both are disperse throughout the body and will wait for the next allergen exposure.

A

Mast cells and Basophils

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6
Q

A systemic reaction in insect stings which manifests anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reaction.

A

Cardiovascular collapse

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7
Q

Initial ____ followed by drowsiness.

A

Euphoria

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8
Q

It is the aspiration of the stomach contents and the washing out of the stomach by means of a gastric tube.

A

Gastric Lavage

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9
Q

If the patient is unconscious, he/she is intubated with a _____.

A

cuffed ET tube

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10
Q

Amount of return is ___ in the amount placed in the stomach.

A

greater than or equal (≥)

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11
Q

These are injected poisons that can produce either local or systemic reactions by an insect.

A

Insect Stings

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12
Q

Why should we not squeeze venom sac?

A

Because this may cause additional venom to be injected.

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13
Q

It contains large amount of histamine where antibodies attach themselves to its membrane.

A

Mast Cells

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14
Q

Pediatric dose for Ipecac Syrup

A

15mL followed by 8-16 oz of water

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15
Q

Box jellyfish is locally known as

A

Kwatro Kantos

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16
Q

May apply steroidal creams like

A

Hydrocortisone

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17
Q

They are associated with acute medical emergencies that ultimately involve compromise cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

A

Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid reactions

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18
Q

Samples for toxicology screening:

A

Blood
Urine
Gastric contents

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19
Q

Adult dose for Ipecac Syrup

A

30mL PO followed by 2 glasses of water

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20
Q

Most important cause of symptoms of anaphylaxis.

A

Histamine

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21
Q

Identify the poison:

A

what, where, when, why, how much, who witnessed, and what time since ingestion

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22
Q

Treatment of choice for carbon monoxide poisoning.

A

Hyperbaric Chamber Oxygenation

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23
Q

Purposes of Gastric Lavage:

A
  1. To remove unabsorbed poison after poison ingestion.
  2. To diagnose and treat gastric hemorrhage and to arrest hemorrhage.
  3. To clean the stomach before endoscopic procedures.
  4. To remove liquid or small particles of material in the stomach.
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24
Q

Positioning to prevent aspiration of gastric contents.

A

on side with head down

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25
Q

Abnormal levels of carboxyhemoglobin

A

30-40%

26
Q

Ask patient to avoid:

A

Exposure (camps picnic sites)
Going barefoot outdoors
Perfumes, scented soaps
Wearing bright colors

27
Q

Series of bands in coral snakes.

A

Yellow, Red, Yellow, Black

28
Q

Drugs for jellyfish sting

A

Epinephrine (SQ or IV)
Diphenhydramine or Chlorphenamine (IM or IV)
Bronchodilator for bronchospasms (hydrocortisone)
Antihypertensives and Antidysrhythmics.

29
Q

Save the sample of the first ___ washings.

A

two (2)

30
Q

A painful, potentially lethal condition caused by sting and envenomation from multiple jellyfish species.

A

Irukandji Syndrome

31
Q

Most popular coral snake in the Philippines, blue/silver and black strands.

A

Walo-walo

32
Q

It absorbs the poison on the surface of its particles and allows to pass with the stool.

A

Oral Activated Charcoal

33
Q

____ per lavage, let it stay for ____ before draining

A

150-200 mL, 1 minute

34
Q

These are injected poisons caused by jellyfish.

A

Jellyfish sting

35
Q

Snakes with triangular heads, vertical pupils, indentations between the eyes and nostrils, and long fangs.

A

Pit Vipers

36
Q

It is the rupture of mast cells.

A

Degranulation

37
Q

[Gastric Lavage] Place the unconscious patient in a left lateral position with the head lowered (approx. ___ downward).

A

15⁰

38
Q

It can produce immediate or delayed effects. It can be accidental or intentional.

A

Ingested Poison

39
Q

These severe reactions can be either ___ mediated or ___ mediated in nature.

A

immune, chemically

40
Q

Keep the patient calm and rest in a _____ position.

A

Recumbent

41
Q

Goosebumps; arrector pili muscles contract and lift the hair follicles upright.

A

Piloerection

42
Q

Tachycardia and hypertension due to the _____nature of the toxin.

A

hyperadrenergic

43
Q

A toxicologic emergency because of envenomation from snakebites.

A

Snakebites

44
Q

The initial exposure to the allergy-inducing agent (allergen) results in the formation of antibody called IgE or Immunoglobulin E, where the final exposure is called ____.

A

primary immune response

45
Q

It can be because the patient is attempting suicide and locked himself inside a car with no ventilation and under the basement of a parking lot.

A

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

46
Q

After the procedure, the stomach may be left empty or be instilled with a _____.

A

saline cathartic

47
Q

_____ is caused when the poison is caustic to the body (strong acid or strong alkali).

A

Immediate injury

48
Q

Normal levels of carboxyhemoglobin

A

<12%

49
Q

If mild, soak the skin in hot water.

A

43-45⁰C

50
Q

[CO Poisoning] Observe patient closely for ___, ___, ___, and ___.

A

Psychosis
Spastic paralysis
Visual disturbances
Deterioration of personality

51
Q

Lavage may be completed after how many liters?

A

2-5 liters

52
Q

Severe envenomation leads to neurotoxicity with:

A

Respiratory paralysis
Shock
Coma
Death

53
Q

It should feel _____, to be immersed until pain eases approximately ______.

A

hot, not scalding; 20-30 minutes

54
Q

A life-threatening hypersensitivity or pseudoallergic reactions to exogenous agent.

A

Anaphylaxis

55
Q

These are gas or chemicals that may produce variety of health problems.

A

Toxin and Poison Exposure

56
Q

Most common insect sting

A

Bee sting

57
Q

Severe pain, muscle cramping, hypertension, and potentially life-threatening cardiac complications resembles a

A

Catecholamine surge

58
Q

ECG may reveal ____ and ____ ectopy.

A

atrial; ventricular

59
Q

It is the process of passing blood through an extracorporeal circuit and cartridge containing an absorbent, after which the detoxifies blood is returned to the patient.

A

Hemoperfusion

60
Q

What type of mask is used to provide 100% oxygen in managing CO Poisoning?

A

Tight Fitting Mask

EDN LECTURE FINALS (11 decks)

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