Enzymes

Question 1

are complex biological molecules,
primarily or entirely protein, that behave as
biological catalysts.

Answer 1

Enzymes

Question 2

Some enzymes consist entirely of proteins, whereas others have nonprotein portions known

Answer 2

Cofactors

Question 3

This may be a metal ion, such as magnesium, or an organic substance.

Answer 3

Cofactor

Question 4

This may be a metal ion, such as magnesium, or an organic substance.

Answer 4

Cofactor

Question 5

An organic cofactor is called a

Answer 5

Coenzyme

Question 6

An enzyme lacking its cofactor is an

Answer 6

Apoenzyme

Question 7

The combination of an apoenzyme and its cofactor is a

Answer 7

Holoenzyme

Question 8

This contains an apoenzyme and a metal ion cofactor

Answer 8

Metalloenzyme

Question 9

A tightly bound coenzyme is a

Answer 9

Prosthetic group

Question 10

The enzyme in an inactive form is called

Answer 10

Proenzyme or zymogen

Question 11

One of the enzymes present in the
stomach that’s responsible for the digestion of
proteins.

Answer 11

Trypsin

Question 12

the molecule upon which an enzyme
acts

Answer 12

Substrate

Question 13

is foundational to enzyme kinetics, describing the rate of enzyme reactions as a function of substrate concentration

Answer 13

Michaelis-Menten model

Question 14

The isomerization of molecules

Answer 14

Isomerases

Question 15

The joining of two molecules

Answer 15

Ligases or synthetases

Question 16

Additions to a double bond, or the formation of a double bond

Answer 16

Lyases

Question 17

catalyze a simultaneous oxidation and a reduction

Answer 17

Oxidoreductases

Question 18

is to catalyze the transfer of a group from one molecule to another

Answer 18

Tranferase

Question 19

The term that transfers an amino group

Answer 19

Aminotransferase

Question 20

The term that transfers a phosphoryl group

Answer 20

Photranferase

Question 21

catalyze the cleavage of a bond through the insertion of a water molecule

Answer 21

Hydrolases

Question 22

catalyzes the hydro- lysis of a monophosphate ester

Answer 22

Phosphatase

Question 23

catalyzes the hydrolysis of a peptide bond

Answer 23

Peptidase

Question 24

catalyze the removal of a group

Answer 24

Lyases

Question 25

enzymes catalyze the conversion of one isomer to another

Answer 25

Isomerase

Question 26

catalyzes the racemization of enantiomers

Answer 26

Racemase

Question 27

catalyzes the change of one epimer to another

Answer 27

Epimerase

Question 28

enzymes catalyze reactions leading to the joining of two molecules in which a covalent bond forms between the molecules

Answer 28

Ligases

Question 29

catalyzes the formation of a C-C bond

Answer 29

Pyruvate carboxylase

Question 30

Catalyzes the formation of a C-S bond

Answer 30

Acetyl-CoA synthetase

Question 31

is an experiment to determine an enzyme’s catalytic activity

Answer 31

Enzyme assays

Question 32

In this, you simply measure the amount of reaction in a fixed amount of time

Answer 32

Fixed-time assay

Question 33

In this, you monitor the progress of a reaction continuously

Answer 33

Kinetic assay

Question 34

is where all the enzyme molecules are part of an enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 34

Saturation point

Question 35

Michaelis-Menten equation

Answer 35

V= Vmax [S] / [S] + KM

Question 36

the chemists that were able to propose a model that explains the kinetics of many different enzymes

Answer 36

Leonor Michaelis and Maud Menten

Question 37

also known as a double-reciprocal plot

Answer 37

Lineweaver-Burk plot

Question 38

The basis of Lineweaver-Burk plot comes from the manipulation of the Michaelis-Menten equation to the form

Answer 38

l/v = Km/Vmax x l/[S] + l/Vmax

Question 39

It is the most widely used graphical technique for the determination of KM and Vmax

Answer 39

Lineweaver-Burk plot

Question 40

are substances that decrease an enzyme’s activity

Answer 40

Inhibitors

Question 41

Type of inhibitors that enters the active site of an enzyme and, thus, prevents the substrate from entering

Answer 41

Competitive inhibitors

Question 42

Type of inhibitors that don’t enter the active site but instead bind to some other region of the enzyme

Answer 42

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Question 43

Some enzymes have multiple forms known as

Answer 43

Isozymes or isoenzymes

Question 44

Used as a digestive aid for precooked food

Answer 44

Amylase

Question 45

Converts starch to dextrose

Answer 45

Amyloglucosidase

Question 46

Prevents the crystallization of lactose in ice cream

Answer 46

Lactase

Question 47

Used in the production of fructose from cornstarch

Answer 47

Glucose isomerase

Question 48

Used in the conversion of sawdust to sugar and the production of liquid coffee concentrates

Answer 48

Cellulase and hemicellulase

Question 49

Removes glucose from egg solids

Answer 49

Glucose oxidase

Question 50

Stabilizes sugars in soft-centered candy

Answer 50

Invertase

Question 51

Clarifies wine and fruit juice

Answer 51

Pectinase

Question 52

Removes H2O2 used in the “cold pasteurization” of milk

Answer 52

Catalase

Question 53

Added to detergents for removal of protein stains

Answer 53

Alcalase

Question 54

Tenderizes meat

Answer 54

Bromelain

Question 55

Produces flavor in cheese

Answer 55

Lipase

Question 56

Whitens bread

Answer 56

Lipoxygenase

Question 57

Tenderizes meat and stabilizes beer

Answer 57

Papain

Question 58

Used as a digestive aid for precooked food under proteases

Answer 58

Pepsin

Question 59

Used in cheese making

Answer 59

Rennin

Question 60

In this form of regulation, an inactive form of an enzyme — a proenzyme or a zymogen — undergoes irreversible conver- sion to the active form, often through the hydrolysis of one or more peptide bonds.

Answer 60

Proteolytic activation